导图社区 考研写作-刘晓燕
考研写作-刘晓燕 包括写作概述、写作满分句型(单词替换、高级表达)、文章写法和段落----段落的论证方式这四个部分。
编辑于2022-06-07 01:27:00时间管理-读书笔记,通过学习和应用这些方法,读者可以更加高效地利用时间,重新掌控时间和工作量,实现更高效的工作和生活。
本书是法兰教授的最新作品之一,主要阐明了设计史的来源、设计史现在的状况以及设计史的未来发展可能等三个基本问题。通过对设计史学科理论与方法的讨论,本书旨在促进读者对什么是设计史以及如何写作一部好的设计史等问题的深入认识与反思。
《计算机组成原理》涵盖了计算机系统的基本组成、数据的表示与运算、存储系统、指令系统、中央处理器(CPU)、输入输出(I/O)系统以及外部设备等关键内容。通过这门课程的学习,学生可以深入了解计算机硬件系统的各个组成部分及其相互之间的连接方式,掌握计算机的基本工作原理。
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时间管理-读书笔记,通过学习和应用这些方法,读者可以更加高效地利用时间,重新掌控时间和工作量,实现更高效的工作和生活。
本书是法兰教授的最新作品之一,主要阐明了设计史的来源、设计史现在的状况以及设计史的未来发展可能等三个基本问题。通过对设计史学科理论与方法的讨论,本书旨在促进读者对什么是设计史以及如何写作一部好的设计史等问题的深入认识与反思。
《计算机组成原理》涵盖了计算机系统的基本组成、数据的表示与运算、存储系统、指令系统、中央处理器(CPU)、输入输出(I/O)系统以及外部设备等关键内容。通过这门课程的学习,学生可以深入了解计算机硬件系统的各个组成部分及其相互之间的连接方式,掌握计算机的基本工作原理。
考研写作-刘晓燕
● 第一部分——写作概述
● 【一】写作题型
● 1)小作文:10行左右(包括称呼、落款)
● 公务信、私人书信、告示
● 2)大作文:18行左右(包括称呼、落款)
● 图画作文、图表作文
● 【拓展】英语考试答题的顺序和时间安排
● 1、写作(40分钟)
● 2、阅读(90分钟,一篇阅读20-25分钟)
● 3、新题型(保命班会讲,15分钟)
● 4、翻译(20分钟,英语二25分钟至多)
● 5、完形(15分钟)
● 【二】评分原则和方法
● 1)黄金原则一:书写工整、卷面整洁、字迹清晰
● 2)黄金原则二:语言第一、结构第二、内容第三
● 1、语言第一:单词、愈发正确、准确、多变
● 单词正确;所有写不来的单词都写成自己会的词汇,一定要正确
● 🌟单词准确(必须有单词量):在正确的基础上最重要的就是准确
● You are a good teacher.
● You are a responsible teacher.
● You are a teacher who can make complex knowledge become easy.
● 单词多变
● 语法正确:小心的用、正确的用
● 语法多变
● 2、结构第二:
● 三段论:三段之间比例适中,1:1:1;1:2:2
● 句子和句子之间多用逻辑关系词(连词、副词、介词短语)
● 多用代词代替已经出现过的名词
● 3、内容第三:
● 内容不重要,大纲中的要求就是内容切题,不跑题就行
● 第二部分——写作满分句型(单词替换、高级表达)
● 【一】简单句的满分句型
● 一、被动
● 1)当汉语中出现我们、人们、大家、有人等人称代词做主语时都可以写成被动
● 2)本句型推荐写在第一段最后一句引出文章中心时使用,或者第三段第一句话,文章总结时使用
● eg1:我们应该孝敬父母
● Parents should be respected by us ——>superiors are supposed to be respected by their descendants
● Parents——>superiors 父母、长辈、上司;the elderly 长者、老人;senior citizens高级公民
● should ——> be obliged to ; ought to ; be supposed to 应该做
● we/us/people——>human beings ; the public ; private individuals
● 替换越准确越好(写作中,根据不同情况的人选一个,写成具体类的人)
● 年轻人——teenagers and youngsters
● 大学生——undergraduates ; youngsters on campus
● 孩子们——children ; kids ; offspring ; descendants
● 商人——businessman
● 专家和教授——experts and professors
● 所有人——all children and adults /men and women in all walks
● eg2:我们不应该盲目追星
● Celebrities are not supposed to pursue by teenagers and youngsters
● not——>never ; by no means ; under no circumanstances ; fail to (失败——>不)
● eg3:越来越多的人认为自信很重要
● Confidence is supposed to important by mounting men and women in all walks.
● eg4:污染很严重
● Environmental contamination is thought very serious by more and more experts and professors.
● more and more—— >an increasing amount of
● think(thought) 土单词排行榜no.1/believe/consider——>
● hold/argue/contend/claim ===think
● have been convinced that/cling to the perspective that === I think that
● very非常——>distinctly/remarkably/extraordinarily/strikingly
● serious严重的——>fatal / grave / fearful / be of great severity
● 二、there be/exist/seem/remain句型,“有”
● 1)本句型推荐写在第二段第一句话,引出原因分析时使用,或者第三段最后一句喊口号时使用
● 2)参考句型
● There seems strong evidence to show that ... 有确凿的证据表明
● There remains a growing worldwide awareness around the world that = more and more people think that ...
● There exist absolutely no reason for us to believe that a brighter future for the world is an impossibility. 我们完全有理由相信一个更美好的未来是有可能的
● eg:有很多原因解释我的观点 There exist many reasons to explain my idea.
● many——>a sea of/a host of / a multitude of /a train of / immerse amounts of / numerous
● reasons原因、因素——>causes / factors / elements
● explain——>account for / give rise to
● idea——>viewpoint / perspective
● 三、比较结构
● 1)as...as 和...一样,同级比较
● 1、只要作文中出现形容词、副词的地方,都能写成as...as句型
● 2、考研作文(图画)的中心一定是要么某事很重要,要么某事很严重,本句型推荐写在第一段最后一句引出文章中心或者第三段第一句文章总结时使用
● eg : She is as beautiful as a red rose , which manages to take away the breath of a sea of children and adults 她很美
● be动词(除了被动和现在进行时不能替换,其他都可以换,因为在被动和现在进行时中它是助动词)
● 所有感官动词都可以替换成be动词(look/sound/taste/feel/seem/appear)
● 保持(keep/remain)
● 变化(remain/become)
● prove
● beautiful——>graceful/elegant/attractive/charming/gorgeous
● eg : Confidence proves as important as sunshine ,which plays an essential role in the normal growth of all creatures 自信很重要
● important——>vital/crucial/indispensable/be of great importance/play a key role in sth
● eg: sth很严重
● sth becomes as grave as aids ,which has threatened the health of patients or taken away their lives.
● 2)the more...the more,这个句型叫做the+a./ad.的比较级+句子,the+a./ad.的比较级+句子
● 1、本句型推荐写在作文第二段,分析原因时使用
● 2、需要注意的是主将从现哦~而且想好想要加的是形容词的比较级还是副词的比较级
● eg : The higher one ascends , the farther he will overlook. 你爬得越高,看得越远
● 【注意】没有特指的一个人用one,没有特指的一类人用those
● far的比较级有两种:
● farther是指距离真的很远
● further是指抽象的远,比如心理距离的远
● 这里用的是farther
● eg : 你学习越努力,进步的越容易
● 【注意】一句话没有谓语动词怎么办?
● 只要一句话需要谓语动词而又没有谓语动词,就加be动词,这里加了is——>keep转成较高级的词汇
● The more diligent one keeps , the easier he will achieve glories.(❌)
● 为什么错?keep替换的是is,也就是个系动词,后面加形容词diligent可以,但easier修饰的是取得(achieve),但“取得”是一个实义动词,那么就应该副词修饰实义动词,所以这里不应该是easy的比较级,而应该是easily的比较级easiler
● The more diligent one keeps , the more easiler he will achieve glories.(正确表达)
● eg: The harder all children and adults remain , the more fortunate they will become 越努力,越幸运
● 用 fortunate 还是 fortunately 取决于后面句子的谓语动词是实义动词还是系动词,系动词用fortunate,实义动词用fortunately
● eg: 文化交流的越频繁,我国经济发展的越迅速
● 交流——>副词,修饰文化,发展——>实义动词,迅速(副词)修饰发展
● The more frequently culture exchange , the more rapidly Chinese economy will develop. (❌)
● 错误一:【注意】可数名词永远不能单独使用,要么变成复数,要么前面加冠词;如果你能确定是可数名词,那么变成复数,如果不确定,加the最保险。所以这里culture是可数名词,应变为cultures
● The more frequently cultures are exchanged , the more rapidly Chinese economy will develop. (正确表达)
● 错误二:文化会自己交流?no,文化被交流。这里的culture exchange 应变为cultures are exchanged
● 【二】并列句的满分句型
● 一、and / but 句型(大作文一个,小作文一个)
● 1、and 并且——> likewise / in the meanwhile
● 2、but 但是—— > conversely / nevertheless / by contrast
● 3、推荐写在作文的第一段,描述一幅图、两个主体、两个动作或者两幅图时使用
● 【拓展】描述图画的分类
● 一幅图
● 一个主体、两个动作
● 两幅图
● 两个主体、两个动作
● 【注意】在描述图画时,除非有非常明显的过去的时间,描述图画都用现在进行时,比较生动;在描述图表时,如果没有明确的现在的时间,都用一般过去时
● eg:在图片中守门员把自己想得很渺小,但是足球运动员把他想象的的很高大
● In the picture, the goalkeeper is imagining himself exceedingly small. on the contrary, the soccer player is assuming his rival as big as mountain/hill.
● eg:在第一幅图中,温室里的花朵生长的很健康。但是,在第二幅图中,这朵花在风雨中凋零
● In the former picture, the flower in the greenhouse is growing healthing . by contrast, in the latter one, it is dying.
● 换词:picture——>cartoon(卡通图片)、drawing、painting 、caricature(漫画,比较夸张的图画)、photograph(照片)
● 【小窍门】多用带刺代替已经出现过的名词哦~
● 作业:描述06年追星的图片(答案在截图里)
● 二、not only ... but also 不但,而且
● 本句型推荐写在作文第二段,分析原因时使用
● eg: 养宠物能够减少老人的孤单
● Raising pets can reduce the loneliness of senior citizens .——句子1
● Raising pets can cultivate the kindness of kids.——句子2
● 把两个句子合成一个句子,变长一点
● Raising pets not only can reduce the loneliness of senior citizens , but also can cultivate the kindness of kids.
● eg:孝敬父母不但是中华民族的传统美德,而且是子女的法定义务
● Supporting the elderly not only keeps a chinese conventional virtue , but also proves the legal responsibility of their offspring.
● eg:合作的好处:合作不但能使我们交到更多的朋友,而且还可以获得更大的成功——万金油的说法,可以用来描述任何一件好事哦~
● Cooperation not only enables all children and adults to make more intimate friends but also has them achieve greater glories/credits.
● credit——表扬,嘉奖,荣誉
● 使某人做某事——enable sb. to do sth. / have sb. do sth.
● 【三】复合句的满分句型
● 一、名词性从句——主语从句
● 1)主语从句的满分表达就是把主语从句放句末,加 it 作为形式主语,即 it...that句型
● It keeps my perspective that 我认为 = I think that
● It seems beyond dispute that 显而易见,众所周知的
● (大作文一个,小作文一个)
● 2)更好的主语从句的变体是把 it ——> what , 在 that 前 + is
● What keeps my perspective is that....
● What seems beyond dispute that...
● What 引导的主语从句 + that引导的表语从句
● 3)本句型可以写在作文中任何一句话的前面,用来拉长句子。本句型推荐写在第一段第一句话前面,用来引出描述图片/图表(大作文)
● 二、同位语和同位语从句
● 1)名词作同位语
● 1、只要在作文中见到名词,都可以在其后再加一个名词作为他的同位语出现
● 2、但一句话不能都加哦~至多只能加一个,下面的只是在讲解哦~大作文最多出现两次名词作同位语哦~
● eg: My boyfriend , a rich businessman , really has no much time to accompany me , an attractive girl.
● eg:一个男人正在把贝克汉姆携在他的脸上
● A man , a soccer man , is writing the name , a symbol of someone , of Beckham , a esteemed sportsman. , on his face , some parts of the body.
● 2、同位语从句
● 1、本句型推荐写在作文的第二段,分析原因时使用。它的模版是the evidence that +表原因的简单句+manifest that+文章的中心句
● eg:它长着一副大眼睛,这个事实表明它是一个美女
● The evidence that she has a pair of big eyes manifests that she keeps a beauty .
● 同位语从句+宾语从句,优秀的句型哦~
● eg:很多女生都穿上了漂亮的花裙子这个事情表明夏天已经来了
● The evidence that a host of girls have worn beautiful colorful skirts manifests that summer is around the corner .
● eg:我们再也见不到明亮星星和皎洁的月光了,这个事实表明污染变得更加严重了
● 人称代词作主语考虑写成被动的,“我们”
● see——>detect 见
● 污染 environmental contamination
● eg:国产的汽车的价格变得越来越低这个事实表明国产车在中国越来越受欢迎了
● eg:他们能够享受更高的生活水平,这个事实表明更多的农民涌入了城市
● The evidence that farmers can enjoy high-quality life , manifests that most of them would like to swarm into big city.
● 三、定语和定语从句
● 1)定语的成分(能够修饰名词的成分)
● 形容词、介词短语、名词、非谓语动词、从句
● 2)定语/定语从句在写作中的使用
● 只要在作文中见到名词,都可以给他加一个定语的成分,把句子拉长,但在第一段描述图画时(只有图画作文),只要见到名词通常都加定语,使图画的描述显得更加生动
● 01- 小油灯,02-美国女孩 , 04-终点起点 , 09-蜘蛛网
● 【记住】少前多后,一个单词做定语放在名词前面,多个单词做定语放在单词后面
● eg:一个年轻漂亮的小女孩
● An American girl young as well as graceful is wearing Chinese conventional costume which pervasive in the south of china .
● eg:很多人正在上网
● Immense amounts of children and adults sitting in separate rooms are surfing on the internet which is very popular throughout the world.
● 【万能定语】
● 好的(作文中要么考一个好事,要么考一件坏事)
● 用 as well as 连接两个形容词
● cute , lovely , little 可爱的;graceful , elegant 美丽的;young 年轻的——形容外表的
● confident , energetic 自信,充满活力的
● enthusiastic , passionate 积极的,乐观的
● aggressive 褒义:有上进心的、有梦想的、有追求的;贬义:有野心的
● Who looks distinctly impressive to readers . 给读者留下了深刻的印象
● 坏的(万能的坏,哈哈哈)
● 用 as well as 连接两个并列的形容词
● fat , cruel , ugly 低级的——negative , dispassioned 消极的,悲观的
● terrible , disgusting , disgraceful , 恶心人的,糟糕的,不好的=bad
● Who looks rather less impressive to readers.
● 3)定语从句的满分表达
● 定语从句的满分表达就是which可以引导修饰前面整个句子的非限定性定语从句,和前面的句子用逗号隔开
● 定语从句的满分表达可以写在任何一个陈述句后,注意讲义中的1、2、5写在好坏句子后均可,3、4只能写在坏句子后。但是推荐写在第二段后,分析原因时某个比较短的原因后面,用来拉长句子
● 【总结】已经学了三个写原因的句型了哦
● the more ... the more
● not only ... but also
● the evidence that
● eg: the lower the price of cars made in China becomes , the more Chinese would like to purchase them , which leaves business a deep impression.
● eg:它是一个色狼,这是显而易见的
● He looks like a lady-killer , which has been widely accepted.
● lady-killer 色狼;万人迷的男人
● Which可以引导非限定性定语从句,可以修饰前面整句话译为“这”
● (讲义p20,定语从句的句型)
● which leaves us a deep impression us.——>换成具体的人哦~
● Which provokes the public’s widespread concerns. 这已经引起了公众的普遍关注了
● 四、状语和状语从句
● 1)什么是状语?
● 只要在作文中见到一下一坨东西,就是状语:
● 副词、地点、原因、条件、让步(although )、方式(by)、目的(in order to )、结果(so...that)、伴随(with)、比较(as...as , the more ... the more )
● 2)状语在写作中的使用
● 作文中任何一句话都可以给他加状语,有11类可以加哦~把句子拉长。建议在第一段描述图画/图表时,一定要加状语,使图画/图表的描述很完整
● 而且图表作文的状语(时间、地点)都是现给的,不需要自己想,灰常简单
● 描述图画的万能状语
● In the center of the vivid picture .
● 描述原因的万能状语:强烈推荐插在表示原因的句子的主谓之间做插入语
● As everyone can see it 众所周知
● With the rapid advance of science and technology.
● 3)状语从句的满分表达
● 1、让步状语从句 although “虽然,尽管”
● (是用来微弱的转折滴,前面说肯定,那么后面就否定。前面说好的,后面就说坏的,反之亦然)
● although 引导的让步状语从句可以写在作文中的任何一句话的旁边,但是推荐写在第二段分析原因时使用
● eg: 盲目追星会影响青少年的身心健康,虽然他们歌声听起来很美
● Pursuing celebrities blindly might exert great influence on physical and mental health of youngsters on campus although their singing sounds touching .
● although 引导的万能状语是
● Although many people fail to pay attention to the issue . 虽然很多人还没有关注到这个问题
● 换词:many , people , not=fail to 前面有讲过,自己换
● pay attention to 关注,重视——>place great emphasis on ; shed light on ; attach importance on
● problem/issue——>phenomenon ; subject ; the current situation
● 2、so + a./ad.+that ... 如此···以至于
● 只要作文中出现形容词/副词的地方,都能写成so...that 的句型
● 推荐写在第一段最后一句引出文章中心时使用,或者第三段第一句话,文章总结时使用
● 【万能句型】
● Sth. keeps so vital that the problem should have been bright into the limelight.
● Sth. become so fatal that the problem should have been bright into the limelight.
● that 后越准确越得分,基础好的自己写,基础差的抄例句
● eg: Life proves so short that it is a waste how to spend it .
● 3、分词做状语,把分词放在句子主谓之间,做插入语来使用
● 本句型推荐写在第一段描述一幅图、一个主体、两个动作时使用
● eg: I hating you , I will kill you.
● Hating you , I will kill you.
● I , hating you , will kill you.
● eg:04年作文(讲义)
● A boy is smiling . A boy is rushing to the destination.
● 第一步:变成非谓语从句 a boy smiling , a boy is rushing to the destination .
● 第二步:省略相同的主语 smiling , a boy is rushing to the destination.
● 第三步:调整顺序 a boy , smiling , is rushing to the destination .
● 第四步:加定语、状语 a boy confident as well as vigorous , smiling in the center of the vivid cartoon , is rushing to the destination which becomes a new start .
● 模版(口述版):主体+定语,插入语(次要动作)+定语/状语,主要动作+定语/状语(如果最后是个名词,那就加个定语/状语)
● 如果次要动作长就不用加定语/状语了,如果比较短就加定语/状语
● 如果次要动作是名词就加定语,不是名词就加状语
● 模版(笔记版):sb. + (定语),doing sth.(次要动作)+定语/状语,is doing sth.(主要动作)+定语/状语
● eg小火锅: The hot pot delicious as well as health , smoking in the center of the vivid cartoon , is full of cultures from different nations in the world .
● 【四】英语的特殊结构
● 一、插入语
● (讲义20页)
● 以下都是万能的插入语,可以插在任何一句话的主谓之间
● 本句型推荐写在第一段最后一句话,第二段第一句话,第三段第一句话的主谓之间
● needless to say 显而易见的
● as I see it 我认为
● 二、双重否定
● never fail to 没有意思,只用来表示强调,强调谓语
● 可以写在任何一个肯定句的主谓之间,本句型推荐写在第一段最后一句话,第二段第一句话,第三段第一句话的主谓之间
● 三、强调句型
● 强调句型就是强调谁就用it is ... that套住谁,并把它拉到句首去
● 语法基础差的,强调主语最为保险。谁都可以强调,就是不能强调谓语
● eg:有很多原因可以解释这种现象
● there exist numerous factors here to account for the phenomenon.
● ——> it is to account for the phenomenon that there exist numerous factors here .
● 作文中所有的句子都可以写成强调句型,但是推荐写在本句型推荐写在第一段最后一句话,第二段第一句话,第三段第一句话的主谓之间
● 四、修饰
● 1)比喻
● sth.很重要
● sth. proves to 人 as solid foundations is to high skyscrapers.
● sth. proves to 人 as the intensive blue sky is to flying eagles .
● sth.很严重
● sth. proves to 人 as horrible nightmare are to innocent kids .
● sth. proves to 人 as intensive pain is to incurably ill patients .
● 本句型推荐写在第一段最后一句话引出文章中心时使用或第三段第一句话文章总结时使用
● 2)排比(讲义)
● 本句型推荐写在第三段最后一句喊口号时使用
● we were in the midst of shock —but we acted. we acted quickly , boldly , decisively ——Franklin d Roosevelt
● 本句型推荐写在第三段第一句话
● 副词的排比
● eg:(可以用在第三段第一句话)错失应该被采取
● action is supposed to be adopted quickly , effectively and actively
● ——>可以改成强调句型哦~
● 定语从句的排比
● 五、虚拟语气
● 1)if引导的虚拟语气
● eg:如果你要远行,我会掩上所有的窗户(都没有发生,主将从现)
● If you travel to a long distance , I will close all my windows . (这只是if引导的条件状语从句,并不是虚拟语气)
● ——>If you traveled to a long distance , I would close all my windows .
● 如何把不是虚拟的句子变成虚拟语气的句子?
● 只需要把写好的句子,变成它的过去式就可以啦~
● 本句型推荐写在第二段最后一句话,反面论证时使用 或第三段第一句话文章总结时使用
● eg: If everyone of teenager and youngster abandon oneself of sth.
● ——> If everyone of teenager and youngster abandoned oneself of sth.
● If everyone of teenager and youngster abandoned themselves to surfing on the internet , they would pay a heavy price in the near picture .(❌)
● If everyone of teenager and youngster abandoned himself to surfing on the internet , he would pay a heavy price in the near picture .(对)
● everyone 是一个人,是单数。they——>he , themselves ——>himself
● 沉迷于做某事
● be indulged in
● be addicted to
● abandon oneself to
● eg:如果每个大学生都沉迷于网路
● If every university student were indulged in surfing on the internet, it would be hard for them to graduate smoothly.
● 2)It is imperative / essential / urgent that. 很紧急/必要。(注意is的换词)
● that引导的从句用should+动词原形表示虚拟
● 本句型推荐写在第三段具体措施时使用(让父母采取措施)
● eg: 父母从小教育孩子支持国货很有必要
● It is urgent that kids should be educated / inspired to do sth.(to sth.是中心词)
● 六、倒装
● 把一句话写成疑问句的形式——把一句话的助动词放在句首
● 1)否定词放在句首
● 基础差的只要求会写not only ... but also 的倒装就可以了
● eg:我从来不是一个彪悍外向的人
● I am never a woman tough and outgoing.
● ——>never am I a woman tough and outgoing.
● eg:它不但看起来很贫穷,而且事实上他的内心也很贫穷
● He not only looks poor but also in fact is poor in his mind .
● ——>not only does he look poor but also fact is poor in his mind
● eg:Respecting parents keeps not only a Chinese conventional virtue but also proves the duty of their offspring .
● ——>Not only does respecting parents keep a Chinese conventional virtue but also proves the duty of their offspring .
● 2)so...that句型,把so...的部分放在句首用倒装
● Sth. keeps so significant/fearful that
● ——> so significant does sth. keep that
● The issue should have been brought into the limelight .
● eg:My mom is so kind that she will never kill an ant .
● ——>so kind is my mom that she will never kill an ant .
● 3)only+状语,放在句首用倒装
● eg: 只有通过采取这些措施,这个问题才能得到改善
● only by taking those action can the issue be improved a lot .
● eg:只有这个问题得到改善,人们才能安居乐业
● only when the issue can be improved a lot can the common lead a happy and comfortable life
● 第三部分:段落——段落的论证方式
● 【一】定义和解释
● 如果用的话,一定用在第一个原因分析,例如:有很多原因解释我的观点,首先+定义/解释
● 排比句三个主语最好一致,句式也最好一致
● eg:什么是美女?
● Beauty is a woman who has big eyes , who has an attractive figure and who has long hair . (排比)
● eg:什么是追星?
● Pursuing stars is social trend
● which means that we listen to their songs ,
● we buy their CDs
● and we imitate their hair style
● when we have passion for them .
● eg:什么是孝敬父母?
● Supporting the eldly is a Chinese conventional virtue which means that we look for them , we buy gifts for them and we wash feet for them when they become gradually old.
● 模版:sth.1(文章中心词) is sth.2 which means that +三个并列简单句(主语一致)+when引导的时间状语从句
● sth2.
● a severe global issue
● a Chinese traditional virtue
● a social pervasive trend
● an active/negative mentality
● a hot social topic
● 【二】统计和事实(英语二)
● 可以用在第二个原因分析。根据xx统计,越来越多的人认为+文章中心
● In line with the latest survey by the Chinese academy of social science /the department of social science in Beijing university , an increasing amount of 人 harbor the idea that +文章中心句
● harbor the idea = think
● 最好说是哪个学校的,越具体越有利
● in line with (根据)
● the latest (最新的)
● survey(统计)
● the Chinese academy of social science (中科院)
● the department of social science in Beijing university (xx学校的社会科学院)
● A recent study revealed the surprising fact that +文章中心句
● 一个由交通部/教育部公布的数据表明
● official figures released by the ministry of transportation/education show that
● 【三】引用名人名言
● 可以编,不是背出来的,哈哈哈,而且写的要像哦~
● eg: Once , there seemed a writer who has gained great reputation in japan named xxx saying that
● Japan 小国家越小越像真的
● that+推荐句型
● 比喻
● as...as
● the more...the more
● so ... that (要倒装)
● if 引导的虚拟语气
● 只选一个哦~
● 【四】举例(非常好的论证方式,推荐使用)
● 1)举小例子:所有的复数名词都可举小例子
● 小例子2-3个就OK了, 别刹不住了~
● 举的例子一定要会
● eg: I love reading masterpieces such as gone with the wind , pride and prejudice.
● 2)举大例子
● For example ——>Although so abundant cases can support my simple view , the following one is most favorable.
● 讲义p26举例段
● 3-4个简单句就结束哦~
● eg:爱情就像一盏灯,在越黑暗的地方越闪光这个主题该怎么举例子,记住每一句话都要有意义哦~
● 先交代背景,黑暗就要来临了
● I , the other day , had a fever .
● 在黑一下
● Unexpectedly, no relatives or roommates took care of me .
● 灯来啦
● At that moment , a teacher entered to give me some pills .
● 闪光来喽
● At last I recover .
● 【作文举例子的注意事项】
● 通常都写成一般过去时
● 注意逻辑关系词的正确使用
● 所有写不来的单词都写成自己会的,一定要保证单词正确哦~
● 除了以上的论证方式,也可以用以下的句型来写原因分析哦~
● 1、the more ... the more
● 2、not only ... but also
● 3、the evidence that
● 4、although
● 5、if 引导的虚拟语气
● 如果以上五个原因写出来比较短,就加which引导的非限定定语从句/万能状语把它拉长
● 第四部分文章写法
● 【一】图画作文
● 第一段:描述图画+中心总结(3-4句话)
● 第一二句话:用主语从句引出描述图画
● What is obvious is that
● 一句话一个主体两个动作
● In the easy and simple cartoon , sb.(定),doing sth.次要动作(定、状),is doing sth.主要动作(定、状)
● 一幅图两个主体两个动作
● In the easy and simple cartoon sb.1(定)is doing sth.1 (定、状);and/but sb.2(定)is doing sth.2(定、状)
● 两幅图
● In the former picture , sb.1(定)is doing sth.1(定、状);and/but in the latter one , sb.2 (定)is doing sth.1(定、状)
● 第三句话:引出文章中心的过渡语
● (讲义P24,十二选一)
● It is apparent that the author of drawing tries to reveal to us :
● 第四句话:文章中心——寓意表达
● 一般都是这四种意义
● we should do sth.
● we should never do sth.
● sth. is very important
● sth. is very serious
● 表达这四种意义的推荐句型
● as...as
● 被动
● so ... that
● 比喻
● 再用
● 插入语
● 双重否定
● 强调句型
● 对它稍做加工
● 【补充】只要文章中出现复数名词都可以在其后加一个such as
● eg:2013年选择
● 主体:毕业生
● 主要动作:面临选择
● 次要动作:站在人生的十字路口
● What looks beyond dispute that in the easy and simple painting , graduates young as well as ambitious , standing on the cross road of their life , are confronted with choices such as hunting for jobs , and going abroad . It is apparent that the author of the drawing ties to reveal to us: options, to my knowledge are claimed extraordinarily crucial under modern conditions.
● 第二段:原因分析段
● 第一句话:引出原因分析的总述句
● 推荐句型:there be 句型(讲义P25十选一)
● however recognizing a problem is the first step in finding a solution
● 再用
● 插入语
● 双重否定
● 强调句型
● 对它稍做加工(注意和第一段用的不一样哦~)
● 第二、三、四句话:具体原因分析
● (小作文一个、大作文一个)
● 首先:first and foremost ,what appears as the first reason is that
● 其次:addtionally , what is more
● 最后:as a consequence , last but not least
● 二三四句句型按照前面讲的段落论证方式里的九选三
● 第三段:总结段(4句话)
● 第一句话:总结句
● 总结:in brief , in conclusion , to sum up+
● 推荐句型
● 被动
● 比喻
● if 引导的虚拟语气
● as ... as
● so ... that
● 再用
● 插入语
● 双重否定
● 强调句型
● 对它稍做加工(注意和第一段用的不一样哦~)
● 第二、三句话:具体措施(父母和个人)
● 首先:for one thing , it seems necessary that kids should be educated to +文章中心
● 其次:for another , we can not have failed to do sth.
● 这里用的双重否定
● faile to do 一定做
● sth.是文章中心
● we一定要替代成具体的人,越准确得分越高
● 第四句话:喊口号(讲义)
● 反问法:Shouldn't we pay muc attention to the issue of sth. ?
● 引语法:just as +名人名字+ has put it +“名言”
● 【二】图表作文(讲义P17)
● 第一段:描述图表+中心总结
● 第一、二句话:用主语从句引出描述图表
● 只需要抓住典型数据进行对比,中间数据为“三陪”数据,可完全不看
● 描述图表通常套用一幅图、两个主体、两个动作的模板
● 第三句话:引出文章中心的过渡语(同图画作文一样)
● 第四句话:文章中心
● eg:2011
● What looks beyond is that in the easy and simple chart , the amount of chinese cars , from the year of 2008 to 2009 , rocketed by 8 percent . On the contrary , the quantity of cars made in japan , in the meanwhile , shrank to 25 percent .The symbolic meaning of the graph seems that cars of China , to my knowledge , are popular in the market , become very popular . (这句话只能自己写,看到什么说什么,也拓展不了什么,只要能自圆其说就可以了,没有模板)
● 英语二第一段没有什么能炫耀的,可以尝试把状语当作插入语来使用
● 描述图画要用一般过去时
● 增加了用by,增加到用to
● 【补充】描述图表的单词
● 增加
● expand , rocket , ascend
● 减少
● descend , deminish
● 大幅度的
● remarkable , considerable
● 慢慢的
● moderately , gently
● 保持平稳
● remain , constant
● 第二段:原因分析段(同图画作文一样)
● 第一句话:引出原因分析的总述句
● 推荐句型:there be 句型(讲义P25十选一)
● however recognizing a problem is the first step in finding a solution
● 再用
● 插入语
● 双重否定
● 强调句型
● 对它稍做加工(注意和第一段用的不一样哦~)
● 第二、三、四句话:具体原因分析
● (小作文一个、大作文一个)
● 首先:first and foremost ,what appears as the first reason is that
● 其次:addtionally , what is more
● 最后:as a consequence , last but not least
● 二三四句句型按照前面讲的段落论证方式里的九选三
● 第三段:总结段(同图画作文一样)
● 第一句话:总结句
● 总结:in brief , in conclusion , to sum up+
● 推荐句型
● 被动
● 比喻
● if 引导的虚拟语气
● as ... as
● so ... that
● 再用
● 插入语
● 双重否定
● 强调句型
● 对它稍做加工(注意和第一段用的不一样哦~)
● 第二、三句话:具体措施(父母和个人)
● 首先:for one thing , it seems necessary that kids should be educated to +文章中心
● 其次:for another , we can not have failed to do sth.
● 这里用的双重否定
● faile to do 一定做
● sth.是文章中心
● we一定要替代成具体的人,越准确得分越高
● 第四句话:喊口号(讲义)
● 反问法:Shouldn't we pay muc attention to the issue of sth. ?
● 引语法:just as +名人名字+ has put it +“名言”
● 【三】公务书信 05、06、07part A
● 审题很重要
● 1)称呼
● 文中已给出:Dear+文中给出的内容
● 文中未给出:
● Dear Sir or Madam ——写给单位
● Dear Mr president/professor/editor——写给职位
● 2)正文
● 第一段:自我介绍+写作目的(2行)
● 自我介绍
● 文中已给出:i am +文中给出的内容
● 文中未给出
● i am staff in a university ——社会人员(可以尝试自己编)
● i am a senior from the department of +专业 in the / a university
● 专业千万别写英语专业,老师会有非常高的期待值哒!
● 可以写physical Education 体育教育,哈哈哈,全国复试英语线最低的哦~
● 或者Arts也行
● 对内用the ,对外用a
● 写作目的
● To be frank , i am writing the letter in order to +文中一定给出了,只需要抄就ok了
● 第二段:文中一定已经给出要求,需要按照要求来写(三行,最多四行)
● 直接上来说理由,因为行数有限
● eg:辞职信
● The salary , to begin with , keeps so low that i fail to ,support my families .
● In addition , the world proves exceedingly extensive .
● Consequently , i desire to travel around .
● Last but not least , it has been widely accepted that he company is too far from my family .
● 模板,3个原因分析
● so ... that
● 并列句,用连词连接
● 主语从句
● eg: The kid , to begin with , so poor that he fail to go to school .
● In addition , he should work very hard at the same time he should respect his parents .
● Last but not least , it has been widely accepted that he is an energetic and ambitious people.
● 应用文是用来实际应用的,单词、语法一定要简单,逻辑关系要清楚
● 第三段:两句话
● 1)文中已给出要求
● 一句话来写文中要求的内容
● 第二句话表示感谢/期待回信
● 2)文中未给出要求
● 表示感谢+期待回信(讲义P28)
● 表示感谢
● My thanks to you for your generous assistance are beyond words .
● 期待回信
● I look forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.
● 3)落款
● Yours Truly
● Li Ming
● 【四】私人书信
● 1)称呼
● Dear+文中一定已经给出的
● 2)正文
● 第一段:问候语+写作目的(讲义P28)
● 问候语
● You have no idea how happy I was to recieve your letter.
● It is great to hear from you again.
● 写作目的完全同公务书信
● 第二段:完全同公务书信
● 第三段:祝福语+期待回信(讲义P28)
● 祝福语
● Please bring my best wishes to your family.
● 期待回信(完全同公务书信的期待回信)
● I look forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.
● 3)落款(完全同公务书信)
● Yours Truly
● Li Ming
● 【五】告示类文章
● 1)标题
● 正中间Notice
● 2)称呼
● 可有可无
● 3)正文:只需要两段
● 第一段:写作目的+具体论述
● we are to ... 文中一定给出了
● first , second , third 完全同公务书信的第二段
● 第二段:欢迎加入+联系方式
● we are waiting for your coming.
● if you inended to join us , please email us _XXXXX(邮箱地址)_/call us __电话号码__
● 4)落款
● 单位名字(文中一定给出了)