脂代谢思维导图英文版

Lipid Metabolism：Fatty Acid、Metabolism of triacylglycerol、Cholesterol metabolism、Lipoprotein.

Lipid Metabolism

• Fatty Acid
  • Fatty acid breakdown
    • Location
      • prokaryote
        • cytosol
      • eukaryote
        • mitochondrial matrix
    • Pathway
      • activation of fatty acid
        • Location
          • outer mitochondrial membrane
        • fatty acid→fatty acyl CoA
        • fatty acyl-CoA synthetase
        • ATP→AMP
      • transport
        • transport acyl-CoA from outer membrane to matrix
        • Vector: carnitine
      • β-oxidation pathway
        • oxidation
          • palmitoyl-CoA→trans enoyl-CoA
          • acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
          • produce FADH2
        • hydration
          • trans enoyl CoA→β-hydroxy acyl CoA
          • enoyl CoA hydratase
        • oxidation
          • β-hydroxy acyl CoA→β-ketoacyl CoA
          • β-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase
          • produce NADH+H+
        • thiolysis
          • β-ketoacyl CoA→acetyl CoA
          • acyl CoA acetyltransferase
      • Acetyl CoA enter TCA cycle for complete oxidation
    • ketone body
      • concept
        • acetoacetate
        • 3-hydroxybutyrate
        • acetone
      • procedure
        • location
          • liver
        • intermediate
          • HMG-CoA
      • disorder
        • ketosis
        • ketonemia
        • ketonuria
      • ketogenic-diet
  • Fatty acid synthesis
    • Location
      • cytosol
    • fatty acid synthase complex
    • pathway
      • acetyl CoA transport
        • citrate- pyruvate shuttle
      • synthesis of malonyl CoA
        • acetyl CoA carboxylase
        • cofactor:biotin
      • synthesis of malonyl ACP
      • synthesis of acetyl ACP
      • elongation cycle
        • condensation
        • reduction
        • dehydration
        • reduction
      • synthesis of palmitate: 8 Acetyl-CoA + 7 ATP + 14 NADPH + 6 H+ →Palmitate + 14 NADP+ + 8 CoA+ 6 H2O + 7ADP + 7Pi
    • Regulation
      • acetyl-CoA carboxylase
• Metabolism of triacylglycerol
  • component
    • glycerol ang FA
  • function
    • major energy store and major dietary lipid
  • synthesis
    • Synthesis of glycerol 3-phoshate
    • Synthesis of triacylglycerol
      • Formation of phosphatidate
      • triacylglycerol formation
  • breakdown
    • triacylglycerol lipase
  • regulation
    • Hormone-sensitive triacylglycerol lipase
• Cholesterol metabolism
  • synthesis
    • material: acetyl- CoA
    • intermediate: HMG-CoA
    • position: liver or from diet
  • regulation
    • HMG CoA reductase
• Lipoprotein
  • structure
    • Hydrophobic core
    • Amphipathic coat
  • function
    • Transport lipid around the body
  • type
    • Chylomicron(CM)
      • Transport exogenous triacylglycerol
      • intestinal mucosal cells
    • Very low-density lipoprotein(VLDL)
      • Transport endogenous triacylglycerol
      • liver
    • Intermediate-density lipoprotein(IDL)
    • Low-density lipoprotein(LDL)
      • transport cholesterol from liver to the peripheral tissues.
      • from VLDL in blood
    • High-density lipoprotein(HDL)
      • transport cholesterol from peripheral tissues to liver
      • liver and intestine
    • Transport cholesterol