导图社区 四级语法
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被动语态
be (时间）done（动作）
Classrooms are cleaned every day
A new buliding was built last year
他每天被打
He is beaten every day
他昨天被打
He was beaten yesterday
他将要被打
He will be beaten
他正在被打
He is being beaten
他已经被打
He has been beaten
与情态动词结合 情态动词+动词原形
Planes can be heard
Planes could be heard
Planes may be heard
Planes must be heard
情态动词
情态动词无人称变化
情态动词时态变化有限
Must 必须
Can/Could能够 可以
Will/would 愿意 将要
May/Might 可以 可能
Shall/should应该
主语、宾语、表语的变化
名词/代词
Laughing probably has great influence on health
doing/to do
To laugh probably has great influence on health
It 放在句首
It probably has great influence to laugh
多个并列
Science and thechnology will develop process of society
That doesn't mean sitting down and doing nothing at all
简单句的补充
限定词 a an the 形容词副词 介词短语 介词+名词 动词 动名词
Girls play games Girls are playing games Lovely girls are playing games happily Thousands of girls are playing games very happily After class thousands of girls are playing games very happily on the playground
介词
across平面穿过 斑马线 Through 空间穿过 隧道
against 反对 对着 梯子对着墙
非谓语
doing主动
Passing plane can be heard night and day
The teacher came into the classroom , holding a book in his hand
done被动
to do目的
并列句 事情一样重要 相同部分可省略
顺接
and
not only but also
转折
but
选择
or
both and
either or
nither nor
因果
for
so
复合句 主句+从句
名词性从句
宾语从句
一：
陈述句表宾语从句➕（that）
I know (that) you are right
特殊疑问句变宾语从句
I know what will she say–I know waht she will say
一般疑问句变宾语从句
I know is he happy–I know whether/if he is happy
陈述语序 先主后谓
二：
放在及物动词后面 动单宾
I don't konw when you will finish the work
放在宾语后面
动双宾
No one tells me when you will finish the work
放在介词后面
介宾
I worry about whether I hurt her fellings
放在形容词后面
实际上是介词被省略
Are you positive (that) you've never seen that man before
表语从句（系动词后，that不可省略）
My concern is that people don't care about others
The question remains whether people will buy it
同位语从句
一个句子作同位语解释说明n.需要解释的抽象名词后（fact idea dream news suggestion advice report ...）that不可省略
eg
I have no doubt that he will help me
I support the argument that problems of school buses must be taken seriously
主语从句
that不可省略，表达是否只能用whether，一般放在句首，有形式主语时，放在句尾
whether we will go camping depends on the weather
It depends on the weathe whether we will go camping
定语从句
变形
This is the job
I have dreamed of the job for years
This is the job which I have dreamed of for years
先行词
每一个关系词都做成分，关系词做宾语可以省略，whom指人时只能做宾语，从句结束与第二个谓语动词之前
物
which /that
人
who/whom/that
人的/物的
whose
时间
when
地点
where
原因
why
分类
修饰限定的名词范围明不明确，不明确要限定。
限制性定语从句
I met your friend who is staying in Paris
非限制性定语从句
关系词不能省略不能用that，指人做宾语只能用whom
I met your mother ,who is staying in Paris
介词提前
This is the job
This is the job of which I have dreamed for years
状语从句
时间状语从句
When/While/as/before After/once/until/as soon as no sooner……than
地点状语从句
Where
Stay Where you are
Where there is a will,there is a way
原因状语从句
Because/since/as
结果状语从句
so/such……that so that……
It is such a complicated problem that we cannot solve it
目的状语从句
So...that in order....that
The problem is so complicated that we cannot solve it
条件状语从句
if unless as long as
让步状语从句
although though even though as
Although it is summer,it is very cold
It is summer,but it is very cold
比较状语从句
than as
方式状语从句
as
I am as tall as you
I am as tall as you (are)
倒装
全部倒装
In the mountain lies a castle
Here comes the bus
A girl is there = There is a girl
部分倒装
Not/no/never/hardly, little/scarcely/seldom Not until/not only /only
The poor man had not only been arrested but he had been sent to prison as well
Not only had the poor man arrested but he had been sent to prison as well
虚拟
表现形式 主句往前推 从句四加一 将来同现在
假设过去 had done
假设现在 did (were)
假设将来 did (were) were to do should do
would could/should might
+have done
He was not a student ,so he couldn't attend the lecture If he had been a student ,he could have attended leture
+do
+do
虚拟句去掉if要部分倒装
If you had joined us,we would have had more fun Had you joined us ,we would have had more fun
表达 建议 要求 命令 后的宾语从句 虚拟从句中用（should）+do Suggest advice propose recommend order Ask demand...
He suggestion that the system (should)be changed
He suggestion that you(should) look at me
各种从句的虚拟
宾语从句
He suggestion that the system should be changed
表语从句
He suggestion was that the system should be changed
同位语从句
He gave the suggestion that the system should be changed
定于从句
This year, it was suggested that the system be changed