高考英语语法全景图

一张图涵盖高中语法，让你告别语法困难。

高考英语 《语法考点全景导图》

• 名词
  • 什么地方用
    • 主语一定是名词
      • The story is true.
        • eg: “名词性从句”也相当于名词。 (That LiHui teaches English) is true.
    • 宾语一定是名词
      • I want some food.
        • eg：非谓语动词也可以当作名词 I want (to go home).
    • 表语可以是名词
      • LiHui is a teacher.
        • LiHui is handsome.
          • LiHui is in Beijing.
    • 介词+名词
      • 介词后面的动词都要写成动名词！
        • I am looking forward to meeting you.
    • 限定词+名词
      • 冠词（a/an/the） + 名词
      • 形容词性物主代词（my/your/his/her/its/our/your/their） + 名词
      • 指示代词（this/that/these/those） + 名词
    • （形容词/介词短语/定从/非谓语）修饰名词
      • a handsome teacher
      • the teacher (in my heart)
      • the teacher (who teaches English)
      • the teacher (teaching English)
  • 名词考什么
    • 可数不可数、单复数
      • 可数：能数出一个不可再分的“1”，就算可以数！
        • 论份卖的都可数，如：蛋糕、咖啡、报纸。
      • 不可数：纸撕开还是纸，头发剪断还是头发，钱破开了还是钱，无法定义出“1”
      • 常见的不可数名词
        • furniture家具/luggage行李/baggage行李 information信息/news新闻/advice建议/knowledge知识 homework作业/progress进步/work工作，活儿 paper纸/equipment设备/money钱/change零钱 food食物/water水/music音乐/joy快乐/hair头发traffic交通
    • 所有格
      • LiHui's photo
        • 表所属：照片归李辉
      • 难题：I can't remember all _____(student) names.
        • 答：students'
    • 动词如何变名词
      • 同根词/加后缀
        • introduce --> introduction
          • 东西、不能加宾语
            • I am reading the introduction of the book.
      • doing/动名词
        • introduce --> introducing
          • 动作、可以加宾语
            • I am looking forward to introducing the new movie to you.
      • to do
        • I want (to study Japanese).
          • 这里的to study Japanese是做want的宾语
      • the+ done
        • The _____ (wound) should be taken good care of.
          • 答案：wounded（the wounded表示“那些受伤的人”）
      • v-er v-ee
        • employer, interviewer, trainer（施动者） employee, interviewee, trainee（受动者）
• 谓语动词
  • 什么时候用
    • 一句一主谓
      • 当某个单句中没有谓语动词的时候，就需要加上谓语动词。
  • 谓语考什么
    • 时态（先判断意思，再 选择相应的时态形式）
      • 一般现在
        • “常态”
          • “吃/喝/拉/睡”
            • “经常/真的/是...的/老”
              • Li Hui teaches English.
                • 李辉是个教英语的。
      • 一般过去
        • “讲故事”
          • “动作发生在过去，句子也在描述过去”
            • “曾经/当时/刚刚”
      • 现在完成
        • “吹牛逼”
          • “动作发生在过去，句子却在描述现在”
            • “已经”
      • 过去完成
        • “发生在did之前”
          • I told you I had written a book.
            • “之前/之前已经”
      • 过去将来
        • “发生在did的将来”
          • I told you I would write a book.
            • “会”
              • 过去将来时一般用于told/heard/said/asked/thought的后面。
      • 一般将来时
        • will do
          • “无计划、无预谋”
        • be going to do
          • “有计划、有预谋”
        • be to do/be about to do
          • “立刻、马上”
        • “威逼利诱句型”
          • 祈使句+and/or+sb will do sth. Come here, and I will kiss you. Come here, or I will kill you.
            • and"那么"
            • or"否则"
        • “主将从现/主情从现/主祈从现”
          • if/unless/as long as/ when/as soon as
            • I will do it if you want me to.
            • I can do it if you want me to.
            • Kiss me, if you love me.
        • “时间表”用一般时表将来
          • 火车，飞机，上学放学， 商店开门关门，电影上映
            • A: When_____ the next train come? B: It usually _____(come) at 9:00, but today it _______(come) 20 minutes later because of the heavy rain.
        • “点动作”用进行时表将来
          • come, go, arrive, leave, enter, die, end, start, begin
            • The old man is dying.
      • 各种进行时
        • 在某一时间点上“正在做”
          • I will be flying to Shanghai at this time tomorrow afternoon.
      • 完成进行时
        • "一直做一直做一直做一直做， 已经做了很长时间了还在做"
          • have been doing
            • 到现在为止一直做
          • had been doing
            • 到过去某时间点为止一直做
    • 被动
      • be/get + done
        • 谓语动词的被动是be done/get done； 非谓语动词的被动是done/being done/to be done/having been done
    • 虚拟 "did"
      • 常见句型
        • 对现在的虚拟：I wish that sb. did sth. 对过去的虚拟：I wish that sb. had done sth. 对将来的虚拟：I wish that sb. would do sth.
          • I wish I were a bird. (am + did = were) I wish I had been to Turkey. (have been + did = had been) I wish I would go to the moom. (will go + did = would go)
        • If I were you, I would do sth.
          • 如果我是你，我会做某事。
        • It is high/about time that sb. did sth.
          • 真的到了某人做某事的时间了。
        • Without you, sb would do sth. 如果没有你，某人就会做某事（将来） Without you, sb would have done sth. 如果没有你，某人就会已经做了某事（过去）
          • Without you,...如果没有你，....
          • Without you, I would feel lonely.
            • 没有你，我会...
          • Without you, I would have died.
            • 没有你，我本来会...
        • But for you, sb would do sth. 如果没有你，某人就会做某事（将来） But for you, sb would have done sth. 如果没有你，某人就会已经做某事（过去）
          • But for you,... 要不是因为你,...
        • Otherwise, sb. would do sth. 否则，某人就会做某事（将来） Otherwise, sb. would have done sth. 否则，某人就会已经做某事（过去）
          • Otherwise,... 否则,...
          • You saved me. Otherwise, I would have died.
        • 一坚持/二命令/三建议/四要求+(that)+ sb. (should) do. eg: I suggested (that) you (should) go home.
          • insist, order, command, suggest, advise, recommend, ask, require, request, demand
            • urge催促
        • would rather 表“宁愿”
          • would rather + sb. did sth. 对现在/将来的虚拟 would rather + sb had done sth. 对过去的虚拟
      • 虚拟条件句 "如果...就...."
        • 三大口诀
          • 主过将|从过
            • I would go, if I were you.
              • 现在时间平台上的虚拟
          • 主过将完|从过完
            • I would have come, if I had known about the party.
              • 过去时间平台上的虚拟
          • 主过将|从should/were to
            • I would buy you a gift, if I should travel to America.
              • 将来时间平台上的虚拟
        • 错综时间虚拟语气
          • 主句从句不在一个时间平台上
            • 如果我之前学习更勤奋（过去），我现在就是个科学家（现在）。 I would be a scientist now, if I had studied harder.主过将|从过完
            • 如果你将来要去法国读书（将来），你十年前就该开始学法语（过去）。 If you were to study in France, you should have started to learn French ten years ago. 主过将完|从should/were to
        • 含蓄条件句
          • 不带if，但是依然表示“条件”
            • Without XXX,... But for XXX,... Otherwise,...
        • 条件句的省略形式
          • 规则：把if去掉，把助系情提前。
            • I would go, if I were you.
              • Were I you, I would go.
            • I would have come, if I had known about the party.
              • Had I known about the party, I would have come.
            • I would buy you a gift, if I should travel to America.
              • Should I travel to America, I would buy you a gift.
            • I would be a scientist now, if I had studied harder.
              • Had I studied harder, I would be a scientist now.
    • 主谓一致 （主语的单复数决定谓语的形式）
      • 主语是单数，谓语也得是单数
        • My family is a big one.（一个集合）
      • 主语是复数，谓语也得是复数
        • My family are watching TV. (一堆元素)
• 非谓语动词
  • 什么时候用
    • 一句一主谓
      • 当某个单句中已有谓语动词的时候，就需要加上非谓语动词
  • 非谓考什么
    • 七大最常考形式 （形式不一样，意思就不一样； 我们要学会根据意思判断形式）
      • 主动：doing
        • (Smiling), Tom walked in.
      • 被动：done
        • (Beaten), Tom walked in.
      • 要做/去做/未做：to do
        • (To finish his homework), Tom turned to Jerry for help.
          • 关注to do的固定用法
            • want/desire/expect to do
            • sb is said/reported/expected to do
            • 形容词+ to do
              • I am happy to do sth.
                • 喜怒哀乐惊 好坏和难易
            • 英语难学结构
              • English is hard (for us) to study.
            • 作业要做结构
              • I have homework to do.（自己做作业） I have homework to be done.（谁做都行）
            • only + to do
              • 表示令人惊讶的结果：“结果却...”
              • He went home, only to find everything stolen.
      • 要被做： to be done
        • Everyone wants (to be praised). 每个人都想要被表扬。
      • 正在被做：being done
        • (Being scolded)(by his father), Tom felt sad.
      • 之前做：having done
        • (Having eaten) (in this restaurant before), Tom refused (to come again).
      • 之前被做：having been done
        • (Having been beaten badly), Tom refused (to come again).
          • 注意：只能作状语，不能作定语
• 三大从句
  • 什么地方用
    • 从【充当的成分】来看
      • 当名词用
        • 名词性从句
          • 主、宾、表、同
      • 当形容词用
        • 定语从句
      • 当副词用
        • 状语从句
    • 从【主句完整性】角度来看
      • 如果主句缺名词
        • 主从
          • (That Tom is ugly) is true.
        • 宾从
          • We all know (that Tom is ugly).
        • 表从
          • The fact is (that Tom is ugly).
      • 如果主句不缺名词
        • 同从
          • I know the fact (that Tom is ugly). 同位语从句也叫“内容从句”
            • 用来解释先行词的“内容”
              • 先行词：从句前面的那个名词！！
            • 同从的先行词是“抽象名词”
              • news; fact; idea; report; answer; question; opinion
        • 定从
          • I know the fact (that Tom said).
            • 用来对先行词“修饰限定”
            • 定从的先行词是任意名词
        • 状从
          • 明确给出主句的时间/地点/原因/结果/方式 /目的/条件/让步/比较等，把主句变“壮大”
            • 状从用来修饰主句这件“事儿”
          • I read English
            • when I am free.
              • 本来没说时间，现在加上了时间
            • where others play.
              • 本来没说地点，现在加上了地点
            • because I want to study abroad.
              • 本来没说原因，现在加上原因
  • 从句考什么
    • 根据意思，选引导词 1、有哪些引导词 2、分别是啥意思 3、有啥特殊要求
      • 名词性从句
        • 【连词】 从句本身不缺名词
          • that
            • 不翻译
            • “说”
              • I know (that Tom is ugly).
            • ...那件事
          • if
            • 是否/与否
              • 只能用于
                • vt的宾从
                  • I wonder if Tom is ugly.
                • 带形式主语it 的主从
                  • It puzzles me if Tom is ugly.
          • whether
            • 是否/与否
              • 到处都能用，特别爱跟or not搭配，而if不能跟or not搭配
              • eg: The question is whether Tom is ugly.
        • 【连接副词】 从句本身不缺名词 “问我的外号”
          • when
            • ...的那个时间
              • I forgot (when I should be back).
          • where
            • ...的那个地方
              • I forgot (where I met her).
          • why
            • ...的那个原因
              • I forgot (why he left).
          • how
            • ...的那个方式
              • I wonder (how I can go home).
            • 怎么
              • I wonder (how I can go home).
            • 多么
              • I am surprised (at) (how ugly Tom is).
        • 【连接代词】 从句一般缺名词 “俩人俩物”
          • who
            • ...的那个人
              • (Who killed Tom) is still a mystery.
                • who能做主语和宾语
          • whom
            • ...的那个人
              • I wonder (whom Tom killed).
                • whom只能做宾语
          • which
            • 哪个
              • There are three apples. I don't know (which you like).
                • 有选择范围
          • what
            • ...的那个东西
              • I don't know (what I can do).
                • 没有选择范围
            • 什么
              • I don't know (what I can do).
                • 我不知道我能做什么。
          • 例外
            • which和what修饰名词
              • I don't know (which student broke the glass).
              • I don't know (what fruit you like).
      • 定语从句 (主句中有一个名词，然后 用从句对它进一步做解释)
        • 特殊关系词
          • as
            • “正如”
              • As we all know, Tom is ugly. As is known to all, Tom is ugly. Tom is ugly, which is known to all.
                • as和which一样，可以指代整个主句
                • as引导的定从可以放在主句之前
          • whose
            • “ta的、ta们的”
              • I have a house whose windows face the sea.
        • 关系代词 从句缺名词
          • “他/它/他们”
            • who
              • LiHui is a teacher (who teaches English).
            • whom
              • Tom is the teacher (whom we beat everyday).
            • which
              • Tom never wears a thing which makes him different. Tom从来不穿让他与众不同的东西。
                • which可译为“它”
                • 限制性定语从句只能修饰名词。
              • Tom never wears a thing, which makes him different. Tom从来不穿东西，这件事让他与众不同。
                • which可译为“这件事”
                • 非限制性定语从句可以修饰名词，也可以修饰整个主句。 （把整个主句当作一个名词来用）
            • that
              • Li Hui is a teacher that teaches English.
                • that的用法口诀：“人物绝不避人物”
          • 关代判断法则 （语法填空）
            • 空格前无逗号无介词，直接填that；否则不填that
              • Tom is a teacher _____ teaches maths.
                • 答：that
              • Tom has a car ___ is stolen.
                • 答：that
            • 逗号后，人用who，物用which
              • Tom is a teacher, _____ is ugly.
                • 答：who
              • Tom has a car, ____ is ugly.
                • 答：which
            • 介词后，人用whom，物用which
              • Tom has a girlfriend with _____ he often quarrels.
                • 答：whom
              • Tom has a car in _____ he often quarrels with his girlfriend.
                • 答：which
        • 关系副词 从句不缺名词 （非时间即地点）
          • when
            • 那会儿
              • I still remember the days (when we were young).
          • where
            • 在那儿
              • I still remember the farm (where we played together).
          • why
            • 之所以/为什么
              • 公式：The reason (why... ) is (that....)
                • 某人之所以做某事的原因就是说....
              • The reason (why Jerry cried) was (that Tom was too ugly).
          • 关副解题技巧
            • why引导的定从只修饰名词reason；when和where则满足“非时间即地点”
            • I have reached a point in my career ______ I have to decide what to do next.
        • 注意：在定语从句的世界里，没有what和how。
      • 状语从句
        • 本质：背单词
          • 30多个
            • only if 只有如果....，才... as if 就好像... as though 就好像... even if 尽管... even though 尽管... as long as 只要... ...
        • 状语从句的主句和从句一般都是完整的句子，因此，没有 什么结构规律值得分析，只需要记住常见引导词的意思。
    • 从句知识大总结
      • 1、如果主句不完整，则从句是主从/宾从/表从
      • 2、如果主句完整，则从句是同从/定从/状从
      • 3、如果从句不完整，则引导词是代词
      • 4、如果从句完整，则引导词是连词或副词
• 并列
  • A =B 结构相同 含义相似
    • A and B
      • 肯定句
        • I like Tom and Jerry.
    • A or B
      • 否定句
        • I don't like Tom or Jerry.
    • A as well as B
      • I like Tom as well as Jerry.
    • not only A but (also) B
      • I like not only singing but also dancing.
      • Tom not only teaches Chinese but also eats rats.
      • LiHui is not only handsome but also clever.
      • Tom runs not only fast but also steady.
      • Tom works not only in Beijing but also in Tianjin.
• 副词
  • 什么地方用
    • 修饰动词
      • be后
        • Tom is really ugly.
      • 实前
        • Tom really likes bananas.
      • 助实间
        • Tom should really stop smoking.
    • 修饰整句
      • Unfortunately, Tom died.
    • 修饰adj./adv.
      • Tom is really ugly.
      • Tom runs really fast.
  • 副词考什么
    • adj.+ly=adv.
      • LiHui is _______(surprise) handsome.
    • 副词的比较级/最高级
      • 碰到as选原级
      • 碰到than选比较级
      • in/of/among最高级
• 形容词
  • 什么地方用
    • 定语
      • 修饰名词
        • 一般放在名词前
          • I want to tell you an interesting story.
        • 如果跟其它东西搭配，共同修 饰一个名词，则需放在名词后。
          • This is a story (interesting for me).
      • 修饰不定代词
        • 放在不定代词之后
          • I want to tell you something interesting.
        • 不定代词：something, somebody, anything, anybody, nothing...
    • 表语
      • 表语就是“主语的表现”：The story is interesting
      • 常见的"表语形容词" （只能做表语的形容词）
        • alike aloud asleep alive alone...
    • 补语
      • I will make the child happy.
        • 补语是主干结构
  • 形容词考什么
    • 名词如何变adj.
      • -ful
      • -less
      • 同根词
    • 动词如何变adj.
      • doing
        • 令人...
          • exciting
      • done
        • 感到...
          • excited
      • -able
        • eg:eatable
    • adj.的比较级最高级
      • 碰到as选原级
        • Li Hui is as handsome as WuYanzu.
      • 碰到than选比较级
        • Li Hui is more handsome than Wu Yanzu.
      • in/of/among最高级
        • LiHui is the most handsome man (among/of all human beings) (in the world).
• 固定搭配
  • 只考简单的，也就是英语老师天天念叨的那些！
  • 到微信公众号“辉哥英语”，输入“短语搭配”
• 介词用法
  • 背：介词的搭配
    • 介词搭配其实可以根据介词的基本含义推断出来
  • 懂：介词的含义
    • in
      • "范围里"
        • arrive in + 大地方
        • in the evening
    • on
      • “吸附”
        • 特定某一天/特定的上午下午晚上
        • a lecture (on science)
    • at
      • “点”
        • arrive at + 小地点
        • at night
        • look at
        • stare at
        • shoot at
        • laugh at
        • knock at
        • aim at
    • to
      • "终点"
        • go to school
        • look forward to XXX
    • for
      • “为”（因为/为了）
        • look for
        • leave (for Beijing)
      • “花”（花钱/花时间）
        • I bought this book for 10 dollars.
        • for a long time
    • of
      • "修饰"
        • a book (of stories)
        • be made of（能看到原材料）
      • “所属”
        • one (of us)
    • from
      • "离开"
        • come (from Shandong)
        • be made from（看不到原材料）
    • over
      • “正上方/越过”
    • through
      • “介质中/穿过”
    • across
      • “平面上/经过”
        • cross“十字架”
    • under
      • “正下方”
    • above
      • 上方（不一定正上方）
    • below
      • 下方（不一定正下方）
    • beneath
      • 下方贴着
    • beyond
      • 超越
        • beyond my immagination
    • with
      • 伴随着
        • with+简单工具，表示“简单使用”
    • by
      • 倚靠
        • by + 复杂工具，表示“复杂使用”
          • 交通工具
    • against
      • 对着；怼
        • warn sb. against
        • guarantee sb. against sth 保证某人免于...
    • into
      • 往里（动态）
        • 进入
        • 成为
          • change into
    • out of
      • 往外（动态）
        • Get out of here!
      • 在外面（静态）
        • out of control
    • about
      • 在周围
        • They fly about the bushes.
      • 关于
        • Let's talk about books.
    • around
      • 在周围
• 冠词用法
  • 翻译法
    • 翻译成“一，个，一个”，用a/an
      • 元音音素前面用an 辅音音素前面用a
        • an hour an apple a university
    • 翻译成“那，那个”，用the
      • It is ___ long distance from here to ___ restaurant.
  • 特指泛指分析法
    • 特指：明确知道说的是哪个
    • 泛指：随便哪个都行，或一类中的一个
  • 有the表具体 无the表抽象
    • in hospital在住院 in the hospital在医院里
    • in bed在睡觉 in the bed在床上
    • play basketball/chess
    • play the piano
    • play pipa
    • in space在无限的太空中 in the universe在宇宙中 in the space在某一具体空间中
    • in front of the bus在外部的前边 in the front of the bus在内部的前边
• 代词
  • 什么地方用
    • 有的地方，拿代词当名词用
      • I, me, mine, myself
    • 有的地方，拿代词当形容词用
      • my
  • 代词考什么
    • 考翻译
      • I 我（主语）
      • me 我（宾语）
      • my 我的（形容词）
      • mine 我的（名词）
      • myself 我自己（名词）
        • 反身代词： 主语返回去说自己
      • eg: Tom is looking for _______(he) mother.
• 高考英语短文改错五大难点
  • 单数还是复数？
  • 谓语还是非谓？
  • 现在还是过去？
  • 主动还是被动？
  • 真实还是虚拟？
• when
  • 疑问句
    • 什么时候
      • When will you be back?
  • 名词性从句
    • 什么时候/...的那个时间
      • I don't know (when you will be back).
  • 定语从句
    • 那会儿
      • I look forward to the day (when you will be back).
  • 状语从句
    • 当...时候
      • I will tell you a story (when you come back).
    • 正在这时突然
      • Tom was taking a shower (when a girl came in).
• where
  • 疑问句
    • 什么地方/哪里
      • Where did you go?
  • 名词性从句
    • 什么地方/...的那个地方
      • I don't know where you went.
      • Where you will go is a wild area.
  • 定语从句
    • 在那儿
      • I went to a park (where I met Tom).
  • 状语从句
    • 在...的地方
      • Where there is a will, there is a way.