导图社区 英语初级语法
英语初级语法的思维导图,内容分别有名词(作主语,宾语,表语,同位语,宾补)、动词、副词与状语、句子:主语(名词)+谓语(动词)、定语(形容词性,定语成分,修饰名词),一起学习吧。
编辑于2023-03-23 17:26:16 湖南英语初级语法
名词(作主语,宾语,表语,同位语,宾补)
广义的名词
名词短语
名词短语(限定词+修饰词+主体词),如a good boy
限定词的构成
冠词(a,an,the)
形容词性物主代词(my,his)
名词所有格(one's,Tom's)
指示代词(this,that)
不定代词(some,every,another)
基数词(one,two)
疑问代词(what,which)
专有名词
可数名词
单数
复数
规则
不规则
不可数名词
不管
量化
可数化 a good time
代词
人称代词
指示代词
this/these
that/those
that
可数名词单数
不可数名词
The weather of CD is cooler than that(the weather) of CQ.
those
可数名词复数
The oranges of HN are sweeter than those(the oranges) of HB.
同类不同个
不定代词
some/Any/Every/each/no
both(两者都)either(两者之一)neither(两者都不)all(三者及三者以上)none(三者及三者以上都不)
many much more most
little/a little,few/a few,有a的表示肯定的概念,还有一些。没有a的表示否定的概念,几乎没有了。
other others another the other/the others
half(一半)several(几个)
复合不定代词
疑问代词
数词
基数词
one two three
整数
小数
分数
分子用基数词
分母用序数词
分子大于1,分母变复数
三分之一,one—third
三分之二,two—thirds
百分数
序数词
fisst second third
笼统
具有名词词性的
不定式
To learn English well is very important.
动名词
Smoking is bad.
句子
That You are a pig is a fact.
①把主语看作单数 ②“头重脚轻”时,用it作形式主语/形式宾语
It is very important to learn english well
It is a fact that you are a pig
动词
分类
助动词(护士)
起辅助作用,不能单独构成谓语。
辅助作用
帮助构成时态
The boy is crying
进行时
He has arrived
完成时
I have been painting one day
完成进行时
帮助构成否定句和疑问句
Does he like english?
He doesn't have lunch at home
帮助构成被动语态
Trees are planted in spring
The house has been pulled down
完成时的被动
帮助构成虚拟语气
If he had come yesterday ,I Would not have made such a mistake
虚拟语气基础
帮助构成倒装句
So much did he love his mother that he brought her many presents on her birthday
倒装句基础
倒装条件
完全倒装
方位 介词 提前
The boys sits under the tree
Under the tree sits the boy
例外,如果主语是人称代词,谓语动词不倒装
He sits under the tree
Under the tree he sits
方位 副词 提前
The bus comes here
Here comes the bus
例外,如果主语是人称代词
He comes here
Here he comes
部分倒装
否定 介词 提前
I will by no means forget her我绝不可能忘记她
By no means will I forget her
否定 副词 提前
I will never forget her
Never will I forget her
帮助构成强调意义
He did come yesterday
他昨天确实来了。
Be动词
am is are was were be
后面加
doing
done
情态动词
can could ,will would ,shall should ,may might ,must have to ,need dare ,had better
属性
不单独构成谓语
后面接动词原形
无人称变化
有本身含义
后面加
do
狭义助动词
do does did
后面加
do
完成助动词
have has had
后面加
done
实义动词(外科医生)
行为动词,表示具体的动作
外部的动作
打球,吃饭,爬山,游泳。
内部的动作
我想你,我爱你,我恨你。
分类
及物动词
S+V+O
I love you.
He opened the door
We began the meeting at six
He worked the dog every day
She washes clothes at home
不及物动词
不加宾语S+V
Time flies时间飞逝
The door opened
The meeting began at six
The man walked away
The clothes washes is well
加介词S+V+介+O
I look at the man.
He listens to the music every day
系动词(内科医生)
后面接表语,表示主语是什么或怎么样,不表具体动作
表状态
Be stay keep remain lie stand exist
表感官
feel smell taste look sound
表变化
become go get turn fall
表像
seem appear
动词分类问题
Be
助动词
+doing表进行
She is crying
He is playing football
+done表被动
He is killed
He is asked to do this job
系动词
I am a man
He is a student
His hobby is playing football
助动词/系动词 or 实义动词
助动词与实义动词的区别
He did it(实) He did like it(助) He did do it(助)
I have a dream(实) I have finished my homework(助) I have had supper(助)我已经吃了晚饭了。
系动词与实义动词的区别
He goes to school by bike(实) The food goes bad(系)
He turns around(实) The leaf is yellow(系)
谓语
构成谓语的三种粗糙情况
实义动词(词组)单独
动词
He reads newspapers every day
He practices running every morning
I like english
I find it
词组
I find out the truth
I look at the bird
系动词单独+表语
He is a student
We are students
Your idea sounds great
助动词+实义动词/系动词
You can help me
You may keep the book for two weeks
He is being a student
复合谓语公式
情态动词+完成助动词+be动词+实义动词+介词
过去将来完成进行时
非谓语动词
eg:1.I would like to come(come) to your party. 2.Smoking (smoke)is bad. 3.I sat there, thinking(think) of her. 4.I found her gone(go). 5.I found my bike stolen(steal).
不定式
to do
本质:不确定
运用:表将来,目的,一次性,临时
动名词
doing
本质:确定
运用:长期的,稳定的,习惯的
分词
现在分词
doing
运用:与谓语动词同步发生
过去分词
done
vi
运用:表完成
vt
运用:表完成,被动(有宾语才有被动)
本质:谓语的分身,也可以是一种省略
难点
主动省to被动还原。
副词与状语
状语
词性:副词adv
频度副词
always ,usually, often ,sometimes, seldom ,hardly ever几乎不 , hardly never从不绝不。
在句中的位置,位于助动词系动词之后,实义动词之前。
How often
次数+时间,如Once a week
频度,如 Often
修饰动词,形容词,副词或整个句子。
按意义分类
表示时间,地点,原因,目的,结果,程度,条件,方式,让步,比较,伴随等。
幸福的摩天轮模型
方式vs伴随
方式
How
伴随
ing(同时)
让步
even if, even though即便即使(即便是预想中最糟糕的情况也要去做)
理解
行为
句子:主语(名词)+谓语(动词)
感叹句(What vs How) what(n,adj) how(adv)
What(adj)+名词短语+(主+谓),如What a good boy (he is)! What good news it is ! What good weather!
How(adv) +v/adj/adv
如How good (the boy is)!
How fast he runs!
定语(形容词性,定语成分,修饰名词)
太阳系模型
One—third of the students in this class are girls.(数词做主语)
作用:把一个名词从大变小,或者把一个名词从笼统变为具体。
分类
前置定语
A good boy
单个的独立的
单个的独立的理解:American country music
American music
Country music
后置定语
A boy under the tree
短语,句子
构成
副词用作定语
中间的动词存在省略
形容词短语
The man next to me is a scientist.我旁边的那个人是一个科学家。
介词短语
The tallest boy in our class is John.我们班最高的那个男孩。
现在分词短语,过去分词短语,动词不定式作定语
The boy crying over there is my classmate.在那边哭的那个男孩是我的同学。
The house built last year is impressive.去年建的那栋房子是给人印象深刻的。
I have something to say.我有要说的话。
例子
英语初级语法
名词(作主语,宾语,表语,同位语,宾补)
广义的名词
名词短语
名词短语(限定词+修饰词+主体词),如a good boy
限定词的构成
冠词(a,an,the)
形容词性物主代词(my,his)
名词所有格(one's,Tom's)
指示代词(this,that)
不定代词(some,every,another)
基数词(one,two)
疑问代词(what,which)
专有名词
可数名词
单数
复数
规则
不规则
不可数名词
不管
量化
可数化 a good time
代词
人称代词
指示代词
this/these
that/those
that
可数名词单数
不可数名词
The weather of CD is cooler than that(the weather) of CQ.
those
可数名词复数
The oranges of HN are sweeter than those(the oranges) of HB.
同类不同个
不定代词
some/Any/Every/each/no
both(两者都)either(两者之一)neither(两者都不)all(三者及三者以上)none(三者及三者以上都不)
many much more most
little/a little,few/a few,有a的表示肯定的概念,还有一些。没有a的表示否定的概念,几乎没有了。
other others another the other/the others
half(一半)several(几个)
复合不定代词
疑问代词
数词
基数词
one two three
整数
小数
分数
分子用基数词
分母用序数词
分子大于1,分母变复数
三分之一,one—third
三分之二,two—thirds
百分数
序数词
fisst second third
笼统
具有名词词性的
不定式
To learn English well is very important.
动名词
Smoking is bad.
句子
That You are a pig is a fact.
①把主语看作单数 ②“头重脚轻”时,用it作形式主语/形式宾语
It is very important to learn english well
It is a fact that you are a pig
动词
分类
助动词(护士)
起辅助作用,不能单独构成谓语。
辅助作用
帮助构成时态
The boy is crying
进行时
He has arrived
完成时
I have been painting one day
完成进行时
帮助构成否定句和疑问句
Does he like english?
He doesn't have lunch at home
帮助构成被动语态
Trees are planted in spring
The house has been pulled down
完成时的被动
帮助构成虚拟语气
If he had come yesterday ,I Would not have made such a mistake
虚拟语气基础
帮助构成倒装句
So much did he love his mother that he brought her many presents on her birthday
倒装句基础
倒装条件
完全倒装
方位 介词 提前
The boys sits under the tree
Under the tree sits the boy
例外,如果主语是人称代词,谓语动词不倒装
He sits under the tree
Under the tree he sits
方位 副词 提前
The bus comes here
Here comes the bus
例外,如果主语是人称代词
He comes here
Here he comes
部分倒装
否定 介词 提前
I will by no means forget her我绝不可能忘记她
By no means will I forget her
否定 副词 提前
I will never forget her
Never will I forget her
帮助构成强调意义
He did come yesterday
他昨天确实来了。
Be动词
am is are was were be
后面加
doing
done
情态动词
can could ,will would ,shall should ,may might ,must have to ,need dare ,had better
属性
不单独构成谓语
后面接动词原形
无人称变化
有本身含义
后面加
do
狭义助动词
do does did
后面加
do
完成助动词
have has had
后面加
done
实义动词(外科医生)
行为动词,表示具体的动作
外部的动作
打球,吃饭,爬山,游泳。
内部的动作
我想你,我爱你,我恨你。
分类
及物动词
S+V+O
I love you.
He opened the door
We began the meeting at six
He worked the dog every day
She washes clothes at home
不及物动词
不加宾语S+V
Time flies时间飞逝
The door opened
The meeting began at six
The man walked away
The clothes washes is well
加介词S+V+介+O
I look at the man.
He listens to the music every day
系动词(内科医生)
后面接表语,表示主语是什么或怎么样,不表具体动作
表状态
Be stay keep remain lie stand exist
表感官
feel smell taste look sound
表变化
become go get turn fall
表像
seem appear
动词分类问题
Be
助动词
+doing表进行
She is crying
He is playing football
+done表被动
He is killed
He is asked to do this job
系动词
I am a man
He is a student
His hobby is playing football
助动词/系动词 or 实义动词
助动词与实义动词的区别
He did it(实) He did like it(助) He did do it(助)
I have a dream(实) I have finished my homework(助) I have had supper(助)我已经吃了晚饭了。
系动词与实义动词的区别
He goes to school by bike(实) The food goes bad(系)
He turns around(实) The leaf is yellow(系)
谓语
构成谓语的三种粗糙情况
实义动词(词组)单独
动词
He reads newspapers every day
He practices running every morning
I like english
I find it
词组
I find out the truth
I look at the bird
系动词单独+表语
He is a student
We are students
Your idea sounds great
助动词+实义动词/系动词
You can help me
You may keep the book for two weeks
He is being a student
复合谓语公式
情态动词+完成助动词+be动词+实义动词+介词
过去将来完成进行时
非谓语动词
eg:1.I would like to come(come) to your party. 2.Smoking (smoke)is bad. 3.I sat there, thinking(think) of her. 4.I found her gone(go). 5.I found my bike stolen(steal).
不定式
to do
本质:不确定
运用:表将来,目的,一次性,临时
动名词
doing
本质:确定
运用:长期的,稳定的,习惯的
分词
现在分词
doing
运用:与谓语动词同步发生
过去分词
done
vi
运用:表完成
vt
运用:表完成,被动(有宾语才有被动)
本质:谓语的分身,也可以是一种省略
难点
主动省to被动还原。
副词与状语
状语
词性:副词adv
频度副词
always ,usually, often ,sometimes, seldom ,hardly ever几乎不 , hardly never从不绝不。
在句中的位置,位于助动词系动词之后,实义动词之前。
How often
次数+时间,如Once a week
频度,如 Often
修饰动词,形容词,副词或整个句子。
按意义分类
表示时间,地点,原因,目的,结果,程度,条件,方式,让步,比较,伴随等。
幸福的摩天轮模型
方式vs伴随
方式
How
伴随
ing(同时)
让步
even if, even though即便即使(即便是预想中最糟糕的情况也要去做)
理解
行为
句子:主语(名词)+谓语(动词)
感叹句(What vs How) what(n,adj) how(adv)
What(adj)+名词短语+(主+谓),如What a good boy (he is)! What good news it is ! What good weather!
How(adv) +v/adj/adv
如How good (the boy is)!
How fast he runs!
定语(形容词性,定语成分,修饰名词)
太阳系模型
One—third of the students in this class are girls.(数词做主语)
作用:把一个名词从大变小,或者把一个名词从笼统变为具体。
分类
前置定语
A good boy
单个的独立的
单个的独立的理解:American country music
American music
Country music
后置定语
A boy under the tree
短语,句子
构成
副词用作定语
中间的动词存在省略
形容词短语
The man next to me is a scientist.我旁边的那个人是一个科学家。
介词短语
The tallest boy in our class is John.我们班最高的那个男孩。
现在分词短语,过去分词短语,动词不定式作定语
The boy crying over there is my classmate.在那边哭的那个男孩是我的同学。
The house built last year is impressive.去年建的那栋房子是给人印象深刻的。
I have something to say.我有要说的话。
例子