公共医学英语上 Unit Four 思维导图

公共医学英语上 Unit Four 思维导图，包括：Ancient Medicine、The Middle Ages、The Birth of Modern Medicine、Modern Medicine。

History of Medicine

• Ancient Medicine
  • Europe and South America
    • Trephine
  • Egypt
    • Empirical medicine
    • Potent drugs
      • Castor oil
      • Senna
      • Opium
      • Colchicine
      • Mercury
    • Embalming
    • Little knowledge of anatomy
  • Sumerian medicine
    • The Laws of Hammurabi
      • The first known code of medical ethics
      • A fee schedule for specific surgical procedures
  • ancient Babylonia
    • Every man considered himself a physician
    • Gave free advice to the sick man
  • ancient China
    • Nei Ching
      • The circulation of the blood
      • The vital function
    • Traditional acupuncture
      • The nervous
      • Vascular systems
    • The Chinese pharmacopoeia
  • Hindus
    • Surgical procedures
      • Nose reconstruction
      • The removal of bladder stones
  • Greek
    • Hippocrates
      • Hippocratic Oath
    • 4th century B.C.
      • Aristotle
    • 3th century B.C.
      • Human anatomy and physiology
  • Romans
    • public health and sanitation
    • Galen
• The Middle Ages
  • incident
    • Black death（14th century）
  • Monastic libraries
    • Monte Cassino
    • Bobbio
    • St.Gall
  • Medical manuscripts
    • Avicenna
    • Maimonides
  • Europe
    • Medical schools
      • Montpellier
      • Paris
      • Bologna
      • Padua
        • Production of the first accurate books on human anatomy
        • Vesalius corrected the anatomy mistakes
    • Scholar
      • Paracelsus
      • Ambroise Paré
      • Fabricius
        • veins
• The Birth of Modern Medicine
  • 17th century
    • William Harvey
      • the circulation of the blood
    • quinine
      • malaria
    • compound microscope
      • the discovery of minute forms of life
    • capillary system of blood
  • 18th century
    • digitalis
    • scurvy
    • surgery
    • mental institutions
    • vaccination
      • to prevent smallpox
  • 19th century
    • the relationships between germs and disease
      • the beginnings of modern medicine
    • Other invaluable developments
      • The use of disinfection
      • The consequent improvement
      • The use of inoculation
      • The introduction of anesthetics in surgery
      • A revival of better public health and sanitary measures
      • A significant decline in maternal and infant mortality
• Modern Medicine
  • Impetus
    • Sulfanilamide
      • Bernard Domagk
      • The first antibiotic
    • Penicillin
  • Revolutions
    • The chemical structure of DNA
      • Francis Crick and James Watson
  • Nowaday research
    • Cancer,heart disease and AIDS
    • Reemerging infectious diseases
    • Organ transplantation
    • Human Genome Progect
    • Gene therapy
    • Genetic engineering
    • Growth factors