He putting on his jacket, locking the door, left home
大熊猫是熊科中最罕见的成员，主要生活在中国西南部森林
pandas are the rarest members in bear farmily, mainly living in forest of Chinese southwest
长江流经不同的生态体系，是诸多濒危物种的栖息地，
YangZi River flowing through diverse ecological systems, keeps the home(habitat) of a sea of endanger species, irrigating Chinese 1/5 land
我爱你，你爱我
I loving you, you love me （独立主格）
冬天来了，春天就不远了
Winter approaching, spring will be around the corner （独立主格）
我是一个老师，我喜欢唱歌
(I) being a teacher, I have passion for singing song
动词能不能少
一定不能少
Your mother must be very beautiful
I am against you
当一句话需要动词而没有动词的时候永远都加be动词，并且be动词没有意思
总结
主语
主语的成分
名词
代词
非谓语动词
从句（引导词加句子）
Handsome and strong are his nature
Handsomeness and strength are his nature
Being handsome and strong is his nature
主语能不能少
如果没有主语
加 it 作为主语：必须和天气、温度、时间有关系
It is hot outside
It keeps raining
there be 句型：意思中包含“有”字
There exist a host of undergraduates being fascinated with me
Ther are numerous factors accounting for(explicating, explaining) my perspective
被动：所有用人称代词做主语的句子都可以考虑写成被动
persistence must be pointed out outstandingly crucial(vital)
Overfishing is claimed more than fearful by an increasing a mount of exports(professors)
三种情况无被动
动词后有介词时无被动
系动词没有被动
have表达“有”的意思时无被动
不及物动词
人称代词：不到万不得已，最好不要使用
example
如果有梦想，就应该会成功
If there exists a dream, glories are supposed to be achieced
宾语
宾语成分
名词
代词
非谓语动词
从句（引导词加句子）
表语
表语成分
名词
I am a teacher
代词
非谓语动词
My dream is to become a poet
My dream is becoming a poet
从句（引导词加句子）
形容词
I am beautiful
介词短语
I am in Chongqing
example
I smile on the stage （主谓结构）
I exchange with my watch（及物动词后面必须有宾语，缺少宾语）
应用
写作
所有写不来的长难句暂时都写成简单句，一定要保证语法正确
长难句
第一步找动词，也就是谓语，从而找到一句话的主谓宾
如果一句话当中找到多个动词，确定主句的那个动词（主句动词前面没有引导词）
并列句
什么是并列句？
就是用连词连接两个句子
常见并列连词
平行关系
and
not only...but also...
副词或介词短语：similarly, equally, likewise, at the same time, in the mean while
转折关系
but
yet
while
whereas
副词或介词短语：however, nervertheless, conversely, on the contrary, unexpectedly, unfortunately
选择关系
or
whether...or...
副词或介词短语：alternatively
因果
for
so
副词或介词短语：therefore, thus, consequently, as a result
递进关系
then
副词或介词短语：besides, furthermore, moreover, additionally, subsequently, in addition
规则
使用连词时，两句话之间的逗号可有可无。
使用非连词逻辑关系词时，不能连接两个句子，要么中间要是句号，要么加 and 连接
应用
写作
主要写作的上下句之间有逻辑关系就一定要用逻辑关系词（连词、副词、介词和介词短语）
example
有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎：There remain a host of companies coming from afar(the distance), and consequently I feel more than delighted.
完型
只需要读懂逻辑关系词前后两句话的意思就可以了
长难句分析
只要有并列连词的出现，通常都会有省略，翻译的时候先把省略补上
分析长难句的第二步是找连词，但是连词连接两个单词的时候直接无视
如何查找省略的内容
省略一定发生在连词后
连词后面有的成分连词前面通常有，如果连词后只有一个成分的时候前面必然能找到对应成分
连词前面有而连词后面没有的成分就是省略的内容
example
I was beaten and you
名词性从句
名词可作为
主语：The movie looks terrific
宾语：I admire his mother
表语：Gump is a man
同位语：I enjoy the part, the beginning
同位语（同样位置）-用来解释名词的成分就是同位语
I, a university student, like Eason, A well-know singer from Hongkong.
My mother, a typical housewife, enjoy palying Mahjong, a chinese entertainment.
在作文中只要见到名词就可以考虑加同位语对该名词进行补充说明
Persistent, an active mentality, plays a critical role in the glories of all children and adults
同位语成分
名词
代词
非谓语动词：I enjoy the sports, running.
从句
什么是名词性从句
主语从句：What I saw looks terrific
宾语从句：I admire his mother what she said
表语从句：Gump is who we should learn from
同位语从句：I enjoy the part that a bird is flying in sky (从句做同位语没有逗号）
名词在句子中充当的成分，从句都能充当，这就是名词性从句
名词性从句的引导词
He has got divorce is my fault
That he has got divorce is my fault
Has he got divorce is obvious
Whether he has got divorce is obvious
Who will he marry is a secret
Who he will marry is a secret
名词性从句引导词按照从句类型分类
that：陈述句，不充当成分，也没有意思
whether：一般疑问句，不充当成分，表示“是否”的意思
所有的特殊疑问词：特殊疑问句，疑问词
所有的从句都是陈述句形式，引导词+主语+谓语
example
I am wondering whether aliens exist （我想知道外星人是否存在）
That ladies tend to be right remains common knowledge （女人总是对的，这是一个常识）
My meaning seems that supporting the elderly remains a Chinese tradition(conventional) virtue （我的意思是孝敬父母是中国的传统美德）
Someday, one will perceive that career, kinship and friendship are(prove) more indispensable than romance （有一天你会发现事业、情亲和友情比爱情更重要）that 引导的宾语从句
The point is(seems) when wealth will become avaliable for you （关键是你什么时候有线）
应用
主句从句满分句型
It……that……（it 做形式主语，把主语从句放到后面）
It is apparent that……
It looks beyond dispute that……
It has been widely accepted that……
It is universally acknowledged that……
众所周知/显而易见
It keep my argument that…… （我认为……）
可以写在作文中任何一句话的前面
example
It looks beyond dispute that the issue about diligence has been brought into the limelight （显然关于勤奋的话题已经引起了广泛的关注）
同位语从句满分句型
The matter that he managed to find a girlfriend makes his superiors rejoiced（他找到了女朋友使得他父母很高兴）
The matter makes his superiors rejoiced that he managed to find a girlfriend （同位语从句放在句末）
Nothing can hide the truth that she is getting old （没有什么事能掩盖她在变老的事实）
The outlook proves wrong that private individuals in HeNan are(seem) all deceivers （河南人都是骗子这种想法是不正确的）
The evidence that flowers in the greenhouse fail to undergo storms indicate that childrens should by no means be spoiled by their sensor citizens（温室里的花朵不能经受风雨这个事实表明我们不应该溺爱孩子）
