英美法导论2

此为第二个学期的英美法导论学习内容大纲，同样，分页面，合同法、财产法、侵权法，按照上课时间线索整理，标粗斜体的是案例，祝食用愉快！

Contracts1

• W1
  • What's a contract
  • Hamer v. Sidway
    • a legal detriment is enough
  • consideration
    • what's a consideration
    • what's the test for determining wether there is consideration
    • what does the requirement of consideration do
      • the gratuitous promise
• W2
  • the analytical framework
  • what's the applicable law
    • UCC
      • common law v. UCC
      • what's in UCC
      • UCC Article 2
        • goods
          • when does it apply,when does it not apply
        • merchants .v nonmerchants
      • restatements of the law
    • commen law
  • formation of contracts
    • is there a contract?
      • mutual assent
      • consideration or consideration substitute
      • no defense to formation of contract exists
    • Requirement that no defenses exist
      • lack of legal capacity
      • statute of Frauds
      • illegality
    • consideration
      • two different theories
        • benefit-detriment theory
        • bargain-for-exchange theory
      • two restatements
• W3
  • Lucy v. Zehmer
    • specific performance
    • intoxication
    • the objective theory of contract law
    • objective v. subjective
  • is the initial communication an offer?
    • the condition of conmmunication to be an offer
    • specific things to watch for in the offer
      • show an intent
        • the language
        • surrounding circumstances
        • prior practice and relationship
        • method of communication
      • essential terms
      • offeree know the offer
  • was the offer terminated?
    • revoked by offeror
    • termination by offeree
      • express rejection
      • reject through counter offer
        • the mirror-image rule
      • lapse of time
      • termination by operation of law
        • death/insanity
        • destruction of the subject matter
        • supervening illegality
  • was the offer accepted?
    • acceptance of offer for unilateral contract
      • full performance
    • acceptance of offer for bilateral contract
      • promise
      • mail box rule
• restitution

contracts2

• W4
  • Carlill v. Carbolic Smoke Ball
  • past/moral consideration
    • requirements of consideration
    • exchange
    • Harrington v. Taylor
      • general rule
      • modern trend
        • material benefit
        • emergency
  • pre-existing duty rule & contract modification
    • Alaska Packers’ Association v. Domenico
    • pre-existing duty rule
      • to protect the potential victims from duress and extortion
      • exceptions
  • equitable principles in contract law
    • Bailey v. West
    • types of contracts
      • express contract
      • Implied-in-fact contract
        • mutual assent
        • intent to promise
      • Quasi-contract/ implied-in-law contract
        • to prevent unjust enrichment
        • when is there a quasi-contract
        • what happens when there is
• W5
  • standards of review
    • de novo
    • clearly erroneous
  • Equitable principles(consideration substitute)
    • Ricketts v. Scothorn
    • promissory estoppel
      • circumstances
      • no valid contract is formed
      • prevents detrimental reliance
  • remedies for breach of contract
    • Sullivan v. O'Connor
      • reliance damages
    • three main interests that contract damages protect
      • expectation interest
      • reliance interest
      • restitution interest
  • contrct drafting
    • the steps
    • the language
      • old practices
      • trend
• W6
  • plain English for lawyers
    • omit surplus words
      • focus on the actor,the action,and the object.
      • avoid compound constructions
    • use base verbs
    • prefer the active voice
      • the passive voice still has many proper uses
    • simplify your writing
      • use short sentences
      • below 25 words
      • avoid mutiple negatives
    • arrange your words with care
• W7
  • Introduction to negotiation
    • BATNA
      • It determines your reservation point
    • ZOPA
    • cognitive biases in negotiation
      • Heuristics
        • rule of thumb
      • Mythical fixed pie assumption
      • Reactive devaluation
    • key elements of negotiation
      • understand oppositon's interests
      • build trust
      • create value

property law

• W13
  • overview
    • what is property law
      • types of property law
        • real property
        • personal property
        • tangible
        • intangible
      • property rights
        • bundle of rights
    • leasehold
      • leasehold
      • principal leaseholds
        • tenancy of years
        • periodic tenancy
        • tenancy at will
        • tenancy at sufferance
      • lease and covenant
    • Implied warranty of habitability
      • Hilder v. st.Peter
      • court's discussion
      • covenants in a lease
        • traditionally
        • modern trend
      • the standard
        • local housing code
    • Affordable housing problems in the U.S.
• W14
  • easement
    • a non-possessory interest in land
    • involves 2 parties
      • holder of an easement
      • owner of the land
    • types
      • affirmative easement & negative easement
      • easement in gross & easement appurtenant

Tort law

• W8
  • tort law overview
    • a response to the problem of injury
    • tort definition
      • tort
      • tort action
      • tortfeasor/wrongdoer
      • enjoin the action
    • sources of Tort law
    • proposes of Tort law
    • 3 main categories of Tort liability
      • intentional torts
      • negligence
      • fault-based
      • strict liability
        • not fault-based
  • intentional harms
    • Vosburg v. Putney
      • the unlawful intention
    • Garratt v. Dailey
      • Minors are generally not exempt from intentional tort liability
    • intent
      • specific
      • general
    • summary
      • prima facie case of intentional tort
        • act by defendant(contact)
        • intent
        • causation
      • intentional torts
        • battery
        • assault
        • false imprisonment
        • Intentional infliction of emotional distress
        • trespass to land
• W9
  • defenses to intentional torts (privileges)
    • consent
      • express consent
      • implied consent
      • two issues
        • valid consent
        • the scope of the consnet
    • defense
      • sorts
        • self-defense
        • defense of others
        • defense of property
          • real property
          • personal property
      • Bird v. Holbrook
      • Katko v. Birney
        • Wounding or killing in defense of property
• W10
  • defenses to intentional torts (privileges)
    • necessity
      • pubilic necessity
        • Surocco v. Geary
      • private necessity
        • Ploof v. Putnam
        • Vincent v. Lake Erie Transportation.Co.
      • Necessity is a defense only to property torts
  • the trolly problem
    • some theories
      • utilitarianism/consequenlism
      • deontology
• W11、12
  • negligence
    • overview
      • what's "negligence"
        • a single cause of action
      • prima facie case of negligence
        • a duty of care
        • breach of that duty
        • causation
        • injury
      • intentional torts v. negligence
    • duty of care
      • Vaughan v. Menlove
      • Roberts v. Ring
      • standard of care
        • lowered standard of care
          • children
          • physical disabilities
        • reasonable person standard of care
        • heightened standard of care
          • professionals
          • common carriers and innkeepers
    • breach of duty
      • Res Ipsa Loquitur
      • rebuttable presumption
    • causation
      • actual cause/causation in fact
        • "But for test"
          • Hale v. Ostrow
        • Substantial factor test
        • Alternative causes approach
      • proximate cause
        • Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad
          • majority opinion
            • scope of duty
            • foreseeability
          • dissent
            • connection
            • the chain of events
            • intervening forces
    • multiple tortfeasors
      • joint and several liability