导图社区 3.高中英语—名词（共24）
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3.高中英语-名词（共24）
1. 学法指导
1.1. 名词所有格
1.1. My favorite part was when Gatsby ran out of the house as Daisy Showed up to have tea with Nick . He came back after moment even paler than he was when he first showed and this time he was soaking wet. He was acting like complete child which made the scene funny and enjoyable . The way he was acting in this passage is the complete opposite of what he really acts like . He normally act all polite but leaves mysterious aura around him as he speaks and walks. In this passage he looked like he had just seen ghost...
名词所有格特灵活，定语太长，有生命也不合规则， 避免头重脚轻是原因，地点、时间、距离、价格、重量， 虽无生命原因照用's最后记一点，部分概念用双重
1.2. 名词的句法功能
1.2. The main events of the novel take place in the summer of 1922. Nick Carraway, a Yale graduate and World War I veteran from the Midwest—who serves as the novel's narrator—works in New York as a bond salesman...
牢记一点，名词不能做谓语。主宾表定， 还有补宾语。最后是两位，状语不新鲜
1.3. 名词和主谓一致
千方百计找主语，分析结构别忘记， 三个原则要牢记，灵活应用是根本
2. 总结升华
2.1. 学习误区
句法功能
学生普遍不注意对句子成分的分析，所以造成对英语句型 的不熟悉，在阅读理解中，不能很好的理解英语长句子
名词所有格
在学习名词所有格时，学生最容易出现的问题是脱离语言环境去死记硬背
名词和主谓一致
死记硬背语法条文然后去生搬硬套
不能抓住主谓一致的本质
2.2. 知能提升
句法功能
Gatsby is a fantastic example of how human nature doesn’t change; the decadence and excess of Fitzgerald’s revellers – the flappers, the gangsters, the bankers and strivers – don’t look much different to the financiers and property-boomers of the late 90s and early 2000s. If Gatsby were alive now, his parties would be televised and sponsored and featured on E! online, and he’d work the City; he’d have sold dodgy mortgages and tried to whisk Daisy off to Dubai for the weekend.
英语的学习其实是英语思维的培养，句子 成分和单词的词性是培养英语思维的关键
所以必须牢牢记住名词都可以做什么成分
名词所有格
It’s partly based on real life. Scott and Zelda Fitzgerald moved to Long Island in the early 1920s, where they were surrounded, like Nick Carraway, by enormous estates and mansions. Gatsby’s vulgar ‘new money’ found its real-life counterpart in the denizens of Great Neck, where the Fitzgeralds settled, while the inherited wealth of the Buchanans was more at home over on Cow Neck – or, in Gatsby’s world, East Egg. Some of the possible inspirations for the house still stand today, like Oheka Castle in Huntington. So if you’ve ever wondered about the lives of the great and the glorious…
注意名词所有格的深层次含义
不能离开语言环境
注意名词所有格所体现出来的英语的普遍规律
名词和主谓一致
We’re staunch advocates of reading the book, no matter how much you enjoyed the film; in the case of The Great Gatsby, we’re joined in this by Zelda Fitzgerald, the author’s wife, who said of the 1926 adaptation (directed by Herbert Brenon) that it was ‘ROTTEN and awful and terrible’; the couple walked out of the screening. It was filmed again in 1949 (dir. Eliot Nugent) and 1974 (dir. Jack Clayton), the latter version from a screenplay by Francis Ford Coppola. Coppola, disappointed by the result, said, ‘The script that I wrote did not get made.’ Of Luhrmann’s production, the New York Times advised that it was best enjoyed if the viewer ‘put aside whatever literary agenda you are tempted to bring with you’. We say, then, put aside the movies and read the book – the original and the best!
谓语只和主语一致
千方百计找到主语，就解决了谓语的问题
养成分结构的习惯，排除掉别的成分
不要进行简单的数字相加或者用汉语来理解
主谓一致，不是意义上的一致
3. 知识梳理
3.1. 概述
表人、事物、地点、现象的词
3.2. 名词所有格
含义
表示名词和其他名词的所属关系：my mom's dress
表示名词的类别：a woman's school
表示动作的执行或者承受者：my father's praise
名词常翻译成“……的”
of所有格
使用条件：无生命的名词
the name of the boy standing at the gate
定语太长，虽有生命，仍用of所有格
双重所有格
使用条件：表部分概念或者某种感情
1.a friend of my sister's
3.3. 's (s')所有格
使用条件：有生命的名词
详解
my father's computer我爸爸的电脑
his teachers' desks他的老师们的书桌
记忆秘诀
当名词表地点、时间、距离、价格、重量时，虽然没有生命，仍用's所有格
温馨提示
避免头重脚轻是英语句型的体格显著特点
3.4. 易考知识点
someone else’s book别人的书 my brother-in-law's car我姐夫的车 my uncle's我叔叔的家
1.不定代词后有else时，用else's 2.复合名词，在最后一部分后‘s 3.人后用’s，表人工作生活的地点
三组区别
1.a picture of my father照片上是我父亲 2.a picture of my father's属于我父亲的一张照片
1.Peter and Join's room两个人共用的房间 2.Pater's and Join's room两个人分别有自己的房间
1.the dog food狗食，不是人的食物（dog是名词作定语） 2.the dog's food这只狗的食物，不是别的狗的食物
3.5. 名词的分类
按词汇意义
普通名词
个体名词 car,house,book
集体名词 team,class,army
物理名词 food,pen,room
抽象名词 happiness,anger
专有名词：China,Jepan…
按语法
可数名词
有单复数形式，常是个体名词和集体名词book,apple
不可数名词
没有单复数之分，常是物理名词和抽象名词water,anger
3.6. 句法功能
The book is on the desk.这本书在课桌上。 ——作主语
The tall man is a singer.这高个男人是个歌手。 ——作表语
I found a cat on the grass.我在草地上发现了一只猫。 ——a cat是动宾，the grass是介宾
We call him a hero.我们叫他英雄。 ——宾语补足语
1.I found a stone wall here.我在这里发现了一面石头墙。——名词作定语 2.This is Mr. Stone's wall.这是Stone先生的墙。 名词所有格作定语
3.7. 名词和主谓一致
简介
在英语句子中，主语在人称和数上保持一致
四个重要原则
语法一致
主语是复数，谓语用复数
主语是单数，谓语是单数
意义一致
以名词的确切含义为准
就近一致
not only…but also,rather…nor等
就远一致
as well as等作定语
语法一致
One and a hall apple is on the bed.一个苹果在床上
one and a half+复数名词，是单数
Many a teacher has arrived at the station.许多老师已到达了车站。
many a+单数名词，是单数
1.The teacher and writer is going to give us a talk next Sunday. 这位老师兼作家要在下周日给我们做报告。 2.The teacher and the writer are going to give us a talk next Sunday. 这位老师和这位作家要在下周日给我们做报告
一个冠词一个人， 两个冠词两个人
由and选择做主语的两个单数 名词前有every, each,no修饰
Every student and teacher is requsted to altend the meeting. 每个学生和老师都要求参加会议。
More than one person has made the sugesstion. =More people than one have made the sugesstion. 不止一个人已经提出了这个建议。
1.More than 修饰one person,前以one person是中心词，谓语当然是单数； 2.在more person than one中，more people是中心词，谓语是复数。
This kind of apples sells well in the market.=Apples of this kind sell well in this market.
无论是this kind of apples还是apples of this kind ,都是of所有格结构，前者修饰this kind, 谓语用单数，后者修饰apples,谓语用复数。
A great number of students are on the playground,but the number of the students isn't clear.
1.在a number of students中，a number of是定语，修饰students; 2.在the number of students中，of the students是定语，修饰the number,而且students前常有限定词。
1.My trousers are on the bed.我的长裤在床上。 2.A pair of trousers is on the bed.一条裤子在床上。 3.Two pairs of trousers are on the bed.两条裤子在床上。
1.trousers glasses等由两个相同的部分连成一体的名词是复数。 2.在a pair of trousers结构中，of trousers是of所有格，修饰a pair.
意义一致
Physics is difficult for me.物理对于我来讲很难。
physics,polics,news等，意义上是单数
Three years has passed since he left.自从他走后，三年过去了。
表时间，距离，金钱，重量的复数名词，表这个一个整体，是单数。
My family isn't a big one,and my family are always taking a walk after supper.我家人口很多，我家人常在晚饭后散步。
class，family，team，group,commitee,army等作主语时，作为一个整体，是单数；作为个体，是复数。
就近一致
Not only the teacher but also his students are able to attend the lecture. 不仅是这位老师还有他的学生都能够听这场演讲。
either…or，neither…nor,not only…but also;there be句型等
就远一致
He is the only one of the students who is late for school taday. 他是今天唯一上学迟到的学生。
主语后面有自己的定语，当然谓语以主语为准