美国文学

美国文学指在美国产生的文学（也包括建国前殖民地时期的文学作品）。用英语写成的美国文学可视为英语文学的一部分。美国文学的历史不长，它几乎是和美国自由资本主义同时出现，较少受到封建贵族文化的束缚。美国早期人口稀少，有大片未开发的土地，为个人理想的实现提供了很大的可能性。美国人民富于民主自由精神，个人主义、个性解放的观念较为强烈，这在文学中有突出的反映。作者以思维导图的形式简单总结美国文学的知识，赶快收藏学起来吧！

美国文学

• the colonial culture 1607-1775
  • first permanent settlement 1607-Jamestown Virginia
  • 1620 mayflower Massachusetts
  • doctrine
    • 1.predestination 2.original sin and total depravity 3.limited atonement 4.theocracy
  • Anne Bradsteet (the tenth muse)
    • 1.first book《the tenth muse lately sprung up in the America》 2.several poems 3.to my dear and loving husband 4.contemplations 沉思录
• the revolutionary period 1776-1820
  • Enlightenment
  • Deism 自然神教
  • Thomas Pane
    • 1.commen sense 2.the American crisis 3.the age of reason
  • Thomas Jefferson
    • The declaration of independence 1776
  • Benjamin Franklin
    • 1.Poor Richard Almanac 2.Autobiography
    • style: 1.rather formal of organization 2.simplicity 3.subtl humor 4.sarcastic
• the romantic period 1821-1860
  • Transcedentalism: Spirit first and matter second
    • 1.oversoul 2.The individual 3.nature as the symbol of the spirit or God 4.The power of intuition
  • Washinton Irving
    • the father of American literature
      • 1.A history of New York 2.The Sketch book of Geoffrey Crayon,Gent见闻札记（国际声誉） 3.The legend of sleepy hollow Rip Van Winkle
  • Nathaniel Hawthorne
    • 1.The scarlet letter 2.The House of the Seven Gables
      • style: 1.dark romanticism 2.inherent evil and sin of humanity 3.master of symbolism 4.multiple views 5.free indirect speech自由间接引语
  • Edgar Allen poe
    • Gothic; the father of detective tales and science fiction;
      • The Raven 乌鸦
• the realistic period 1861-1914
  • Definition
  • Background: Civil war to WWI;Darwinian evolution（Darwinism）
  • Local colorism 地方色彩主义
  • o.Henry （William Sydney Porter）
    • 1.The gift of magi 2.The cop and the anthem 3.The Trimmed Lamp 4.The last leaf
  • Naturalism
    • p138
  • Theodore Dreiser
    • The greatest American literature natualist
      • 1.Trilogy of Desire 2.Sister Carrie
• the modernist period WWI and WWII
  • Ezra Pound
    • Imagism
      • 1.free verse 2.image 3.without interpretation 4.Free choice of subject matter
    • major work 1.A lamp Spento 熄灭的细烛 2.In a Station of the Metro 3.The Cantos 诗章（百科全书式的自由诗）
  • Ernest Hemingway
    • The lost generation （Gertrude Stein）
    • 1.The sun also rises 2.Man without woman 3.A farewell to arms 4.For whom the bell tolls 5.Nobel Prize:The old man and the sea
      • Iceberg Theory grace under the pressure
  • F.Scott Fitzgerald
    • The spokesman of the roaring 20s; The mirror of the jazz age
      • 1.The side of the paradise 人间天堂 2.The great Gatsby 3.Tender is the night 夜色温柔 4.Tales of the Jazz age
  • William Faulkner
    • Southern Writer-------Yoknapatawpha County约克纳帕塔法郡
      • 1.The sound and the Fury 喧哗与骚动 2.Absalom,Absalom 押沙龙 押沙龙 3.As I Lay Dying诺贝尔文学奖 3.A rose for Emily
• the literature since WWII