英国文学史思维导图

这是一篇关于英国文学史思维导图的思维导图。英国文学源远流长，经历了长期、复杂的发展演变过程。在这个过程中，文学本体以外的各种现实的、历史的、政治的、文化的力量对文学发生着影响，文学内部遵循自身规律，历经盎格鲁-萨克逊、文艺复兴、新古典主义、浪漫主义、现实主义、现代主义等不同历史阶段。战后英国文学大致呈现从写实到实验和多元的走势。

A Survey of English Literature

• 1.Old English literature (The Anglo-Saxon Period 449-1066)
  • Ⅰ.the beginning of English literature
    • ⒈Britian: Roman Province for 400 years
    • ⒉410, Roman Empire ↓, conquered by three Teutonic tribes-Germantic tribes →the Anglo-Saxon
      • ⑴the Angles
      • ⑵Saxons
      • ⑶Jutes
    • ⒊550, Anglo-Saxon firmly established
  • Ⅱ,literature
    • 1.Two Division
      • Pagan
      • Christian
    • 2.Form: Old English Poetry
    • 3.Religious color
  • Ⅲ.work: The Story of Beowolf (the first English national epic)
  • Ⅳ.Epic/ Heroic Poetry
    • 1.Meaning
    • 2.Background
    • 3.Story: ( The poem has 3182 lines. It describes the deeds of the Teutonic hero Beowolf.)
      • ⑴the fight against Grendel
      • ⑵the fight against Grendel's mother
      • ⑶the fight against the fire Dragon-monsters, evil
    • 4.Theme
    • 5.Style:( Alliteration)
• 2.Medieval English literature (The Anglo-Norman Period 1066-1350)
  • Anglo-Norman Literature
    • Ⅰ.Medieval romances→knight
      • Work: (The romance of King Arthur-Arthurian Romance)
        • 1.Introduction
        • 2.There are many cycles of Arthurian romances, chief of which are those of
          • Gawain ( 高文爵士）
          • Launcelot （朗洛赛洛特）
          • Merlin ( 莫林）
          • the Quest of the Holy Grail 《圣杯之寻》（反映上层），and the Death of Arthur
          • "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"《高文爵士与绿衣骑士》is the summit of legend
        • 3.Theme
    • Ⅱ.Popular Ballads （大众民谣）
      • 1.Introduction
        • ⑴.narrative songs
        • ⑵.kinds of ballads
          • ①.historical
          • ②.legendary
          • ③.fantastical
          • ④.lyrical
          • ⑤.humorous
      • 2,Historical backgrounds: (Religious faith)
      • 3.Characteristics: (Oral currency, Simplicity, Climax of a plot)
      • 4.Works: ( Reliques of Ancient English Poetry 《英诗辑古》 ---Bishop Thomas Percy 1729-1811）
      • 5.Robin Hood （反映下层）
        • ⑴.Character
        • ⑵.Theme
    • Ⅲ。Geoffery Chaucer (1340-1400)
      • 1.Introduction
        • ⑴the "father of English Poetry" 英诗之父 （有名有姓的第一个作家）
        • ⑵the founder of English realistic literature
        • ⑶created Heroic Couplet （英雄双韵体）
        • ⑷a representative of transitional period from the Medieval Period to the Age of Renaissance
      • 2.Life
      • 3,Work: (The Canterbury Tales)
        • ⑴Introduction
        • ⑵Structure
          • ①.It consists of the General Prologue( 序言）and 24 tales
          • ②.The General Prologue
            • a framework for the diverse stories
            • the audience of the characters of the pilgrims
          • ③.The connection between each story is well-planned
        • ⑶Theme: (Realism)
        • ⑷Style
          • ①.London dialect
          • ②.Trenchant（尖刻的）irony
          • ③.Free-thinking: characteristic of the age of Renaissance
          • ④.The heroic couplet
• 3.The Period of Renaissance
  • Ⅰ.Striking features
    • 1.The study and propagation of classical learning and art
    • 2.Humanism was the essence of the Renaissance spirit（核心/实质：humanist）
  • Ⅱ.Humanists
    • 1.Boccaccio（卜伽丘 1313-1375）
    • 2.Spanish Humanist→Cervantes（塞万提斯）-DonQuixote《堂吉诃德》
    • 3.English Humanist
      • Thomas More (1478-1535)
        • ⑴.Utopia
          • ①."ou" ( meaning "no")
          • ②."topos"( meaning "place")
        • ⑵.Limitations
  • Ⅲ.English Literature in the Renaissance Period: Drama＆ Poetry
    • 1.Drama
      • Backgrounds
        • ⑴.The highest glory of English Renaissance. The dramas hve no rivals at that time in the world.
        • ⑵.But in the renaissance, all this began to change.
        • ⑶."University wits"(大学才子）
          • ①.Introduction
          • ②.写作形式：blank verse（无韵诗行）
          • ③.The rhymeless rambic pentameter（抑扬格：先抑后扬）
          • ④.Their plays paved the way for the creation of many of Shakespeare's masterpieces. Thomas Kyd and Marlowe influenced his great tragedies; Robert Greene, Peele, Thomas Lodge and John Lyly influenced his comedies and romances.
    • Shakespeare
      • Ⅰ.Place and Influence
        • Why
          • 1.One of the first founders of realism
          • 2.Humanism, artistic skill
          • 3.22 years→37 plays, 2 narrative poems and 154 sonnets
        • Critique
          • 1.Ben Johnson
          • 2.Karl Marx
      • Ⅱ.Life
        • 1.The church and legal records
        • 2.The folk traditions
        • 3.The comments of his contemporaies ( no autobiography)
      • Ⅲ.Comedies ( in his early period)
        • 1.Theme: (optimism)
        • 2.Two groups of characters in his comedies
          • ⑴.young men and young women
          • ⑵.simple and shrewd clowns and other common people
        • 3.Main comedies (16 comedies altogether)
          • ⑴.Merchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人》
            • ⑴.Background
              • ①.The growing spirit of trade, commercialism.
              • ②.Flattery of anti-Jewish feeling of England's population.
            • ⑵.Characters
              • ①.Shylock（夏洛克）
                • Greedy and cruel
                • Victim
              • ②.Portia（鲍西娅）
                • Ideal women
                • A new woman of the Renaissance
                • Beautiful, cultured, courteous, active,clever, serious-minded and capable of rising to an emergency.
              • ③.Antonio（安东尼奥）
                • A representative of the newrly uprising merchant class
                • A practical businessman, unselfishly risks his fortune and life to help his friend
                • He is s noble nature and he is more obviously a gentleman than a merchant.
            • ⑶.Theme
              • ①.Praise
                • The triumph of love( between Portia and Bassanio) and friendship( between Antonio and Bassanio) over insatiable greed and brutality (as represented by Shylock).
              • ②.Condemn
                • Condemn the racial discrimination and religious persecution.
                • He shows his consistent hatred for the oppressors and sympathy for the oppressed.
          • ⑵.A Midsummer Night's Dream
          • ⑶.As You Like It
          • ⑷.The Winter's Tale
          • ⑸.The Twelve's night《第十二夜》
      • Ⅳ.Tragedies
        • 1,Backgrounds
        • 2.Theme
          • ⑴.Express a profound dissatisfaction with life.
          • ⑵.Show the struggle and conflicts between
            • ①.good and evil
            • ②.justice and injustice of the time
          • ⑶.Condemns the dark and evil society
        • 3.His main tragedies (11 tragedies) 4 great tragedies （四大悲剧）
          • ⑴.Hamlet
            • ①.Introduction (humanist人文主义者）
            • ②.Theme: (shows the political chaos in the 17th century England)
            • ③.Character-Hamlet
              • Virtues （penetratiry habit of mind善于沉思）
              • Limitations (Melancholy忧郁）
          • ⑵.Othello
          • ⑶.King Lear
          • ⑷.Macbeth
      • Ⅴ.Historical Plays（历史剧）
        • Theme
      • Ⅵ. Features of Shakespeare's Dramatic Works
        • ⒈Theme
        • ⒉Progressive significance and limitation
        • ⒊Character
          • ⑴.Representatives of the people of his time
          • ⑵.Each of his characters is a representative of a group of men
        • ⒋Form
          • ⑴.Poetry诗歌
          • ⑵.Drama戏剧
        • ⒌Language
      • Ⅶ.154 sonnets
        • ⒈Represent the finest poetic craftsmanship of Renaissance poetry
        • ⒉Shakespearean sonnet
          • ⑴.14lines
            • ①.3 quatrains（四行诗）
            • ②.one couplet（对句）
          • ⑵.Theme
            • ①.They reveal the most sophisticated aspects of human nature---moral conflicts and psychological uncertainties
            • ②.The immortality of art as being represented by poetry
            • ③.The value of genuine friendship
            • ④.The sorrows of feeling neglected in a corrupted world
          • ⑶.Selected reading→Sonnet 18→Theme
• 4.The 17th Century: The Period of Revolution and Restoration
  • Ⅰ.Historical Background
    • 1.The Outburst of the English Revolution
    • 2.The bourgeois Dictatorship and the Restoration
    • 3.Puritanism( The Religious Cloak of the Englsh Revolution)
      • ⑴.thrift（精简，节约）, sobriety（清醒，冷静，节制）, hard work, and unceasing labor, but with no extravagant enjoyment of the fruits of labor.
      • ⑵.to revolt against the feudal landlords, accumulation of capital.
  • Ⅱ.Literature of the Revolution Period
  • Ⅲ.Writer
    • ⒈John Milton
      • Ⅰ.Life
      • Ⅱ.Work
        • ⒈Paradise Lost（失乐园）
          • ⑴.Introduction
            • ①.Milton's masterpiece
            • ②.It is a long epic consisting of 12 books, written in blank verse.
            • ③.The stories were taken from the Old Testament:---the biblical legend of God, His Son, Adam and Eve.
          • ⑵.Story
            • ①.The fallen angles in hell plotting against God;
            • ②.Satan's temptation of Eve;
            • ③.The departure of Adam and Eve from Eden.
          • ⑶.Theme and Characterization
            • ①.The revolt against God's authority---an absolute monarch;
            • ②.Satan is the real hero of the poem.
            • ③.Adam and Eve embody Milton's belief in the powers of man.
          • ⑷.Style
            • ①.Blank verse
            • ②.Grand style
        • ⒉Paradise Regained（复乐园）
        • ⒊Samson Agonistes（力士参孙）
    • ⒉John Bunyan (1628-1687) (A typical puritanical writer)
      • Ⅰ.Life
        • ⒈A poor uneducated despised tinker.
        • ⒉Religious fanaticism, spiritual independence.
        • ⒊He was put into prison for refused to obey the lae against religious meetings.
        • ⒋In prison, made shoe-laces, reading the bible and writing.
      • Ⅱ.Work
        • The Pilgrim's Progress
          • ⒈Introduction
            • ⑴.A religious allegory
            • ⑵.The style of writing in which characters, actions represent general truth, good and bad qualities.
          • ⒉The Celestial City
            • ⑴.The vision of an ideal happy society dreamed by a poor tinker in the 17th century.
            • ⑵.Through a veil of religious mist.
      • Ⅲ.Story
        • ⒈It tells of the spiritual pilgrim（精神历程） of a human soul in search of salvation（赎罪，拯救）.
        • ⒉The form of dream→Vanity Fair (The description of it is one of the most remarkable passage)
      • Ⅳ.Theme
        • ⒈Reflect the religious ferment（动乱，狂乱） of the age.
        • ⒉Filled with realistic descriptions, attacked the social reality.
        • ⒊Spiritual suffering（精神上的折磨）, aspiration for an ideal life（理想生活的渴望）
      • Ⅴ.Style
        • ⒈The popular and simple language
        • ⒉Lucid prose style and familiar images
• 5.The 18th century English literature (The Age of Enlightement 启蒙运动)
  • Ⅰ.The 18th century England
    • 1.Social Development and Changes:
      • Industrial Revolution
    • 2,Social Evils and Conflicts
      • ⑴.The conflict between Capitalism and Feudalism
      • ⑵.The conflict between the Ruling Class and the Oppressed Class
  • Ⅱ.The Enlightenment
    • ⒈In Europe
      • ⑴.It was, on the whole, an expression of struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism.（资产阶级反对封建阶级）
      • ⑵.Science（启蒙靠的是“科学”，科学就是理智。
    • ⒉In England
      • ⑴.They just strived to end the revolution by clearing away the fedual ideas with the bourgeois ideology.
      • ⑵.Works:《雾都孤儿》，《鲁宾逊漂流记》
  • Ⅲ,Literature
    • 1.Classicism（古典主义）
      • ⑴.Introduction
        • ①.Considered Greek and Latin authors as their models
        • ②.Tried to control literature by some fixed laws and rules drawn from Greek and Latin works.
      • ⑵.Drama
        • ①.Rhymed couplet
        • ②.Three unities of time, place and action
        • ③.Regularity in construction
        • ④.The presentation of types rather than individuals.
      • ⑶.Poetry
        • ①.Follow the ancient divisions
        • ②.Should be lyric, epic, didactic, satiric or dramatic
        • ③.Each class should be guided by some special principles.
      • ⑷.Prose
        • should be
          • ①.Precise
          • ②.Direct
          • ③.Flexible
      • ⑸.Purpose
        • ①.To tidy up the capitalist social order
        • ②.To smooth over social contradictions by morality and proclaiming
        • ③.To afford a new code of social morality for the rising bourgeoisie.
      • ⑹.Representatives
        • ①.the essayists---Joseph Addison and Richard Steel
        • ②.the poet---Alexander Pope
    • 2.Modern Novel（现代小说）
      • Ⅰ.Introduction
        • ⒈Speaks the truth with an uncompromising courage
        • ⒉They paved the way for the great 19th century realistic writers like
          • ⑴.Jane Austen
          • ⑵.Water Scott
          • ⑶.Charles Dickens
          • ⑷.William Thackeray
      • Ⅱ.Representatives
        • ⒈Jonathan Swift（乔纳斯·斯威夫特）(1667-1745)---Gulliver's Travels
          • Ⅰ.Life
            • ⒈One of the greatest writers of satiric prose
            • ⒉Hated all kinds of oppression
            • ⒊Political, economical and religious
            • ⒋Cherished great love for the people
          • Ⅱ.Works
            • ⒈The Tale of Tub《一个澡盆的故事》
            • ⒉" A Modest Proposal"《一个温和的建议》
            • ⒊Gulliver's Travels《格列佛游记》
              • ⑴.Story (4 parts)
                • ①.The 1st part： Lilliput（小人国）
                • ②.The 2nd part: the voyaye to Brobdinynag（大人国）
                • ③.The 3rd part; the voyage to Laputa and several other places（飞岛国）
                • ④.The 4th part: the voyage to the country of Houyhnhnms（慧骃国）
              • ⑵.Theme
        • ⒉Daniel Defoe（丹尼尔·笛福）---Robinson Crusoe
          • Ⅰ.Life
            • ⒈A kind of jack-of-all trades
            • ⒉Great in at least two occupations
              • ⑴.journalism
              • ⑵.authorship
          • Ⅱ.Style of novels
            • ⒈Language
            • ⒉Actions
          • Ⅲ.Work
            • Robinson Crusoe:( adventure story )
          • Ⅳ.Character
            • ⒈Good qualities---courageous, persistent, vigorous, aggressive
            • ⒉Advocate of slavery, expansion（殖民扩张）
            • ⒊The representative of the English bourgeoisie at the earlier stagesof its development.
          • Ⅴ.Theme
            • ⒈Celebrates the spirit of the new uprising bourgeoise（新兴资产阶级） in accumulation（积累）
            • ⒉Praises the strength of human will to conquer the nature（人们征服自然的意志力）
        • ⒊Henry Fielding---Tom Jones
        • ⒋Oliver Goldsmith---The Vicar of Wakefield
    • 3.Sentimentalism（感伤主义/伤感主义）
      • Ⅰ.Background
        • ⒈The middle of the 18th century
        • ⒉The power of reason the enlightenment stressed was not sufficient
      • Ⅱ.Characteristics
        • ⒈Effusive emotion
        • ⒉Pleasure in the wildness of nature
    • 4.Pre-Romanticism（前浪漫主义）
      • ⒈marked by
        • ⑴.a strong protest against the bondage of Classicism
        • ⑵.by a recognition of the claims of passion and emotion
        • ⑶.by a renewed interest in medieval literature
      • ⒉"Gothic novel"/ Gothic romance（哥特小说/哥特式浪漫故事）
        • ⑴.Originated among the conservative groups（保守派） of men
        • ⑵.Against Enlightenmentra's rationalism and commercialism（商业主义）
        • ⑶."A novel of horrors（恐怖）"
      • ⒊Poetry
        • Ⅰ.Willim Blake (1757-1827)
          • ⒈Intoduction
            • ⑴.A Pre-Romantic or forerunner of the Romantic poetry of the 19th century
            • ⑵.Imagery and symbolism
          • ⒉Works
            • ⑴.The Songs of Innocence
            • ⑵.The Songs of Experience
        • Ⅱ.Robert Burns (1759-1796)
          • ⒈The greastest national poet of Scotland
          • ⒉Life and Achievements
            • ⑴.He got acquainted with old Scottish folk songs, ballads, and legends
            • ⑵The Scots Museum and Select Collection of Original Scottish Airs
            • ⑶.Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect
          • ⒊Work Division
            • ⑴.Love and Friendship→A Red, Red Rose
              • Style
                • ⒈Rhyme
                  • ①.ballad meter
                  • ②.iambic tetrameters
                  • ③.a b c b
                • ⒉Repetition
                • ⒊Alliteration
                  • ①.A Red, Red Rose
                  • ②.Luve's like a red, red rose
            • ⑵.The Rural Life of the Scottish Peasants
            • ⑶.The patriotism of his compatriots and their struggle for liberty
            • ⑷.Satirical verse
          • ⒋Feature's of Burn's Poetry
            • ⑴.Beautiful lyricism and sincerity of emotions, hatred for lyranny and a profound sympathy for the down-trodden man
            • ⑵.National poet of Scotland
• 6.Romantic English literature（真正的浪漫主义）
  • Ⅰ.Cultural Background
    • 1.The Romantic Movement
    • 2,Express: negative attitude toward→
      • ⑴.the existing social
      • ⑵.political conditions
  • Ⅱ.Two Groups of Romantic Poets
    • 1.Passive or Escapist Romanticists（消极浪漫派）
      • Represented by
        • ⑴.Wordsworth
        • ⑵.Coleridge
        • ⑶.Southey (Lake Poets)
    • 2.Active Romanticists（积极浪漫派）
      • Represented by
        • ⑴.Byron
        • ⑵.Shelley（雪莱）
        • ⑶.Keats
  • Ⅲ.Features of Romanticism
    • 1.Feeling and imagination---advocate the freedom to express personal feelings
    • 2.A love of nature
    • 3.Individualism（个人主义）
    • 4.Glorification of the commonplace（普通人）
    • 5. lure（诱惑） of the exotic（稀奇古怪的/奇异的事物）
    • 6.A revolt against authority or tradition（反对权威或传统）
  • Ⅳ.Poetry
    • 1.Two notable forerunner of romantic poetry
      • ⑴.William Blake
      • ⑵.Robert Burns
    • 2.Others: George Gordon Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, John Keats as well as Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge.
  • Ⅴ.Main writers and their works
    • 1.William Wordsworth (1770-1850)（消极浪漫派）
      • Ⅰ.Life
      • Ⅱ.Features of his Poems
        • ⒈Deep love for nature
          • "I wandered Lonely as a Cloud"《我好似一片孤独的流云》/《咏水仙》
            • Background
            • Analysis of Content
            • Theme
              • Song of
                • the harmony between things in nature
                • the harmony between nature and the poet himself
            • Structure
              • a b a b c c
              • iambic tetrameter
          • "My Heart Leaps Up"
          • "Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey"《丁登寺旁》
        • ⒉Searching and revealing the feelings of the common people
          • "The Solitary Reaper"《孤独的割麦女》
          • "We Are Seven"《我们是七个》
        • ⒊Appealed directly to individual sensations
          • "all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings."（好诗都是强烈感情的自然流露）
        • ⒋Show harmony between humanity and nature
          • "She Dwelt among the Untrodden Ways"《她住在人迹罕见的路旁》
          • "I Travelled among Unknown Men"《我在陌生人中孤独旅行》
        • ⒌Language is simple and pure
    • 2.George Gordon Byron (1788-1824)（积极浪漫派）
      • Ⅰ.LIfe and Background
        • An impoverished noble family（生于没落家庭）
      • Ⅱ.Idelogy
        • ⒈Show a deep hatred for the tyranny
        • ⒉Song of rebellious spirit
        • ⒊Eager for democracy and liberty
          • not only in the form of poem
          • but also taking part in the struggle for the national independence of Greek and Italy
      • Ⅲ.Style
        • ⒈The medieval, the outcast figure, love of nature, hatred of tyanny, preoccupation with the remote and savage
        • ⒉Conitain many vivid and exotic descriptive passages on mountains, rivers, and seas.
      • Ⅳ.Theme
        • ⒈Revolutionary zeal and democratic ideal
        • ⒉Advocate
          • The fight against the tyranny and oppression for freedom
          • The struggle for national liberation
    • 3.Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822)（雪莱）（积极浪漫派）
      • Ⅰ.Life
        • ⒈⒈"a strange"（古怪）
        • ⒉"unsocial being"（与社会格格不入的人）
        • ⒊"Mad Shelley"（疯子雪莱）
      • Ⅱ.Idelogy
        • ⒈Loved the people and hated their oppressors and exploiters
        • ⒉Called on the people to overthrow the rule of tyranny and injustice
        • ⒊Prophesied a happy and free future for mankind
        • ⒋Remained in this social and political ideal and fought for it all his life
        • ⒌Revolutionary romanticism
      • Ⅲ.Works
        • ⒈Queen Mab《仙后麦布》
        • ⒉The Revolt of Islam《伊斯兰的反叛》
        • ⒊Prometheus Unbound《解放了的普罗米修斯》
        • ⒋Lyrics on
          • ⑴.nature
            • "Ode to the West Wind"《西风颂》
              • terza rima (三行诗节隔句押韵法)
              • iambic pantameter lines arranged in tercets (三行联句)
          • ⑵.love
            • "To a Shy-lark"《致云雀》
          • ⑶.politics
            • "Song to the Men of England"《致英格兰人之歌》
    • 4.John Keats (1795-1821)
      • Short poem
        • ⑴."Ode to a Nightingale"《致夜莺》
        • ⑵."Ode on a Grecian Um"《希腊古瓮颂》
        • ⑶."To Autumn"
        • ⑷."Bight Star"
• 7.The Victorian Age--Critical Realism (1836-1901)
  • Ⅰ.Contradictions
    • 1.Contradictions at Home
      • ⑴.The struggle between the workers and capitalists
      • ⑵.Chartists Movement（宪章运动）
      • ⑶.核心：争取选举权和被选举权
    • 2.Contradictions at Aboad
      • Strengthened its policy of colonial expansion
  • Ⅱ.The mid-Victorian period (1850-1870)--a period of prosperity and relative stability
    • 1.Economic prosperity
    • 2.The established spiritual prop (The Victorian Values维多利亚道德价值观)
  • Ⅲ.The last 3 decades of the 19th century--the decline of the British Empire
  • Ⅳ.The Problem of Women
• 8.20th century English literature
  • Ⅰ.Literary Trend---Modernism
  • Ⅱ.Modernism
    • 1.Background
      • The rise and growth of modernist movement
    • 2.Characteristics
      • ⑴.Irrational philosophy and idea of psychoanalysis
      • ⑵.The major themes
        • ①.distorted, alienated and ill relationships between：
          • man and nature
          • man and society
          • man and man
          • man and himself
        • ②.marks a strong and conscious break with the past
        • ③.emphasizes on the need to move away from the public to the private, from the objective to the subjective
        • ④.upholds a new view of time by emphasizing the psychic time over the chronological one
  • Ⅲ.Modernist Fiction→mainly three characteristcs in modern novel
    • 1.Joseph Conrad
    • 2.James Joyce (1882-1941)
      • ⑴.One of the most innovative novelists of the 20th century
      • ⑵.One of the greatest masters of "the stream of consciousness".
      • ⑶.His stream-of-consciousness technique marked the peak of modernist novelists.
    • 3.D. H. Lawrence
    • 4.Virginia Woolf (1882-1941)
      • ⑴.Introduction
        • ①.One of the great innovative novelist of the 20th century
        • ②.A great master of the stream-of consciousness novel
      • ⑵.Literary Achievement--both a famous novelist and a critic
        • ①.Major Novel
          • -Mrs. Dalloway
          • -To the Lighthouse
          • -Orlando
          • -The Waves
        • ②.Critical Essay
          • "A Room of One"s Own
      • ⑶.Theme
        • Personal identity
        • Personal relationships
    • 5.D. M. Forster
  • Ⅳ.The new notions of the nature of consciousness
    • 1."Stream-of-consciousness"（意识流）
    • 2.意识流作品：Ulysses