细胞凋亡

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Chapter 13: Apoptosis

• cell senescence
  • Enucleation, nuclear membrane wrinkle, chromatin internal contraction
  • Mitochondria becomes larger and smaller
  • Enzyme activity, slower metabolism, and diminished proliferation
  • Cell membrane permeability changes and the capacity to transport substances decreased
  • intracellular moisture is reduced, cell atrophy and smaller volume
  • Intracellular pigment deposition hinders the communication and transmission of intracellular substances
• Procedural death
  • Concept: Cell death is controlled by a "death procedure"
  • The way that the animal cells die
    • Apoptosis: a physiological cell suicide behavior regulated by genes
      • Features: apoptosis initiation, formation of apoptosis, apoptosis is swallowed
      • Detection method: morphological observation, DNA electrophoresis, TUNEL determination method, comet electrophoresis method, flow cell analysis, phosphatidyl serine valgus
      • Induction factors: physical, chemical, and biological
      • Morphological characteristics: Chromatin coagulation, marginalization, cell wrinkle, exvalgus of phosphatidyserine measured in cell membrane, and apoptotic bubbles
    • Cell necrosis: Energy failure is an important factor leading to cell necrosis
      • Features: broken plasma membrane, the release of cell contents, causing an inflammatory reaction of the surrounding tissue
    • Cell Autophagy: Another procedural mode of cell death
      • Morphological characteristics: a large number of bubble structures appear in the cell, namely the double membrane self-phagocytosis bubble, within the cytoplasm and cytoplasm
• The molecular mechanism of cell apoptosis
  • inducing factor
    • Physical factors: UV light, temperature stimulation
    • Chemical factors: reactive oxygen groups, DNA, and inhibitors of protein synthesis
    • Biological factors: Virus
  • Caspase-dependent cell apoptosis
  • No Caspase-dependent apoptosis
  • signal transduction