新编简明英语语言学教程思维导图Chapter 6 Pragmatics

语言学第六章语言学主要内容思维导图，介绍了一些基本概念和言语行为理论两个方面的内容，希望梳理的内容对大家有所帮助，有需要的小伙伴快收藏起来吧！

Chapter 6 Pragmatics

• speech act theory
  • John Austin a theory which analyzes the role of utterances in interpersonal communication
  • meaning to answer a question, what do we do when using language?
  • Original model
    • Constratives
      • statement that serves to state a fact, report that something is the case or describe what something is.
    • performatives
      • sentences that are used to perform acts.
  • New model
    • The locutionary act言内行为
      • the act of saying something
    • The illocutionary act言外行为
      • the act performed in saying something
    • The perlocutionary act言内行为
      • an act performed as a result of saying something
  • Searle's classification of speech acts
    • Assertives/Representatives
    • Directives
    • Commisives
    • Expressives
    • Declarations
  • Indirect speech acts
    • aim Indirect language in the light of the speech act theory
    • Performing two speech acts simultanenously
      • primary speech act goal of communication
      • second speech act the means（为了达到目的而采取的方式
• Cross-cultural pragmaticfailure
  • The structure ofthelanguage
  • communicate effectively to the hearer
  • see the speaker's intention
• principals of conversation
  • The maxim of relation(relevance)
  • The maxim of manner
    • Avoid obscurity
    • Avoid ambiguity
    • Be brief
    • Be orderly
  • The maxim of quality
    • 假话缺乏证据。
    • Do not say what you believe to be false
    • Do not say for which you lack adequate evidence
  • The maxim of quantity
    • 刚刚好，不要多也不要少
    • Make your contribution as informative as is required
    • Do not make your contribution more informative than is required
• some basic notions
  • The use of language in context
  • Study of the relationship between linguistic form and the users of those forms
  • The study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication
  • semantics and pragmatics
    • Semantics is the study of the literal meaning of a sentence
    • Pragmatics is the study of the intended meaning of a speaker
  • context
    • Linguistic context
    • Physical context
  • sentence meaning&utterance meaning
    • sentence meaning:abstract language/competance/constatives
    • utterance meaning:speech/performance/performatives