导图社区 状语从句,副词性从句
这是一篇关于状语从句,副词性从句的思维导图,主要内容包括:状语从句的省略,方式状语从句,比较状语从句,让步状语从句,条件状语从句,结果状语从句,目的状语从句,原因状语从句,地点状语从句,时间状语从句,定义。
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这是一篇关于考研单词词根词缀—前缀篇的思维导图,主要内容包括:③ 表示"副手",② 表示"不足,不够",① 表示"在…下",80.under-,② 表示"打开,解开,弄出",① 表示"不,无,非,没有",79.un-,② 表示"超出,超过",① 表示"极端",78.ultra-,② 表示"变换,改变,转移",① 表示"横过,越过",77.trans-,76.s
这是一篇关于虚拟语气的思维导图,主要内容包括:虚拟语气的其他句型,从句中的虚拟语气,if条件从句引导的虚拟语气,四种语气。
这是一篇关于剩余语法的思维导图,主要内容包括:倒装句,完全倒装,主谓一致,省略,强调,部分倒装。无论是初学者还是进阶学习者,都能从中受益,提升自己的英语语法水平。
状语从句,副词性从句
定义
状语从句的本质:状语从句就是用不同的连词将几个分句连接起来,句子之间有特定的逻辑关系
类型:时间;地点;原因;目的,让步;条件;结果;方式。
学习引导词的不同,用法的不同
时间状语从句
连接词
常用连接词when/while/as/before/after/ since/till/until/as soon as一……就……
特殊连接词
一些表示时间的名词:the moment/the instant/ the minute /the day/next time
一些副词: instantly/immediately/directly
固定搭配的连词:no sooner…than/hardly…when/scarcely…when
when
时间状语从句—when“当…时候”
I started my dinner when he left.时间状语从句时态有前后关系
I started my dinner when he had left. 没有固定的时态
I had started my dinner when he left.
没有固定时态要求,想怎么表达都可以
✓ The doorbell rang when I was telephoning. ✓ I was telephoning when the doorbell rang.
✓ I’ll speak to him when he arrives.主将从现 ✓ I’ll go when I have had my dinner.
while
时间状语从句— while“当…时候”
从句通常接延续性动词
The telephone rang while I was taking my bath.
洗澡是延续性动词
The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive while avoiding market cycles and growing burdens imposed by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans
主句主语和从句主语一致时候,并且从句中有be动词,可以把从句主语和be动词删掉,动词变为ving形式。while doing sth
while doing同时做某事,固定搭配
as
时间状语从句—as“一边;随着”
The arrow fell into the river as the boat was drifting on the water.
before
时间状语从句— before“在…之前”。 A before B = a在b之前,主句动作a先发生,从句动作b后发生
连词 before引导时间状语从句时,同主从句也会有各种时态搭配 关系比较常见是:“主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时”
The Greeks assumed (宾从that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought), 非限制性定语从句which took root in Europe long 时间状语从句before people realized 宾语从句how diverse language could be.
从句发生的事情,主句已经发生过了
Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, had never gambled before the casino赌场 sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.
In this factory, suggestions often have to wait for months before they are fully considered.,时态都是一般现在时也可以
after
时间状语从句— After“在…之后” A after B=A在B之后,从句B先发生,主句A后发生,先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的用过去时
I moved to America after I had learned English for ten years.
since
时间状语从句—since ”自从”
主句常常使用现在完成时态
I have worked in this company since I graduated
He hasn’t contacted me since I have worked in that company.
until
直到……的时候
一.延续动词+until+从句/时间点
Wait until he comes back. 主句是祈使句
二.短暂动词(否定)+ until+从句/时间点
I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.
One will never realize how much and how little he knows until he starts talking.
I didn't go to bed until 12 o'clock last night.
He didn ’t leave the office until his boss came
as soon as/the moment
as soon as. 一……就
We will leave as soon as it stops raining.主将从现
The doorbell rang as soon as we began having dinner没有时态限制
the moment. 那一刻
Don't trust those who leave their friends the moment they get into difficulty!
Happiness is a choice. Reach out for it the moment it appears.
hardly…when /scarcely…when/ no sooner...than
hardly…when一……就…… /scarcely…when 刚刚 / no sooner(比较级)...than “一(先)…就(后)…”
主句多用过去完成时,且常倒装, 从句用一般过去时。
No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
Hardly had I arrived home when it began to rain.
Scarcely had l started to type my paper when the telephone rang.
表示时间的名词短语引导的时间状语从句
next time, every time, the week
Next time you come, remember to bring along your sister.
In the classic children's tale, Pinocchio’s nose grows longer every time状语从句 he tells a lie.
地点状语从句
连接词
常用连接词 where
Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
Where there is Love, there is also wealth and success!
特殊连接词 wherever,anywhere,everywhere
Wherever he happens to be. Clint can make himself at home.
Everywhere he appeared, there were troubles.
原因状语从句
连接词
常用连接词:because/as/ for/since
特殊连接词:seeing that/considering that/now that/given that/in that
because的否定转移
You don 't love a woman because she is beautiful. 你爱女人不是因为她漂亮
Don't cry because it is over, but smile because it happened.不要因为它结束了而哭,要因为它发生过而微笑
since/as
连词since/as表示人们已知的事实或不需强调的原因,所以 常译成“既然”,通常放在句首。比because低得多。
Since we don't have class tomorrow, why not go out for a picnic?
As Monday is a national holiday, all government offices will be close.
for
连词for表示推断的理由,是对前面分句的内容加以解释或说明。一般放在后面
It rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.
用介词表示因果关系
常用的介词有: because of, due to, owing to后面只能接名词而不是从句。
We had an accident due to his carelessness. /Owing to his carelessness we had an accident.
in that其他复合连词
English has an advantage over most of the other languages in that (因为)it has become, so to speak, an international language.
seeing(that) /now(that) /considering(that) /given(that)这些连词与 since相似,“鉴于某个事实,考虑到” 。
Seeing that it‘s raining hard, we'll have to stay here for the night. 非谓语动词做状语,加that可以引导状语从句
They did the job very well, considering that they had no experience.
条件状语从句
连接词
常用连接词 if/ unless
特殊连接词suppose/supposing+(that)/providing+(that)/provided+(that)/ on condition that/so long as只要/as long as只要
A man is not old as long as(只要) he is seeking something. A man is not old until regrets take the place of dreams.
only if “只有”,if only “要是……多好”
On the whole整体上来说such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if 只有the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the others with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.
让步状语从句
连接词
常用连接词 although/though/even though/even if
Although I didn't know anybody at the party, I had a very good time.
He is very strong even though he is in his 90s.
特殊连接词
① while(一般用在句首)虽然但是
② whatever/whoever/whichever/however/whene ver/wherever/whether…or.无论怎么样=no matter what
③ “as+形容词+as+主谓”结构用在句首
置于句首的While ”尽管”
While many countries of the world celebrate their own Mother's Day at different times throughout the year, there are some countries such as Denmark, Finland, Italy, Turkey, Australia, and Belgium which also celebrate Mother's Day on the second Sunday of May.
第一种:while放在句中,并列连词连接两个并列句,对比关系,翻译成然而,非黑即白的对比
第二种:while放在句首的情况:一种是时间状语从句(可以放在主句前面或者主句后面,当……时候。表示持续性的动作,一般和ing搭配,while doing sth
第三种:情况就是虽然,但是while——,——。,让步状语从句不能放后面。放后面只能是第一种对比并列或者第二种时间状语从句
no matter + what/who/when/where/which/how/ whatever/whoever/whenever/wherever/whichever /however来引导让步状语从句,表示“无论”。 除了 however外都是单独使用。
however后面加形容词
whichever后面加名词
这些词一般都加从句,否则就只是连词,不能当副词用
No matter what=WHATEVER I did to the money, you still wanted it because it did not decrease in value.
However amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were表语从句, they will look just like us.
HOW后面要加形容词或者副词
however不单独使用
系动词+表语+从句=表语从句
We have decided to do so, whatever happens.
Whoever may trouble you, I will help you to the last.
When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion时间状语从句, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at主语从句, for原因状语从句, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today,让步状语从句 it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.主语从句
原因状语从句里面有让步状语从句,原因状语从句有主语从句
as/ though倒装句
v. /a. /(无冠词) n./ adv. +(as/though)+主语+剩下谓语(助动词/情态动词/be动词)
as
Difficult as it is to believe, there are desert fish which can survive through years of drought.
主语:it is difficult to believe。as翻译成尽管,as引导让步状语从句放在形容词前面。
as必须倒装,though不需要倒装
Much as I respect him, I cannot agree with him.
副词倒装
Child as he is,he is knowledgeable.
though he is a child
名称倒装
Fail as I did, I would never stop trying.
动词倒装
定语从句,通常句首,代表整个句子
时间状语从句,随着,放前放后都可以
原因状语从句,句首,既然
让步状语从句,句中
though
Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.
though可倒可不倒,though it sounds odd也可以
目的状语从句
连接词
常用连接词 so that以便/in order that目的是/that
特殊连接词 lest(以免)/for fear that 万一/in case(以防万一)/in the hope that(希望)/ on purpose that(为了)/for the purpose that(为了)
目的状语的连词,可以理解成是对于fear等抽象名词的解释,that不能省略
例句
I turned off the TV in order that my roommate could study in peace and quiet.
People evacuated the building for fear that the wall should collapse.
结果状语从句
连接词
常用连接词 so…that (如此……以至于)/so that(以便)
特殊连接词 to the degree that/to the extent that/to such a degree that 到达一个程度
结果状语从句都要放在主句之后,而不能提到句首, so后面接形容词或副词,such后面要接名词。
so expensive a house;
such an expensive house;
so many/ much/ few/ little+n
My girlfriend steals so many snacks that the only way I could get her to lose weight was to hire a night watchman at our refrigerator.
The moon is so large that several million people could live there.
so+adj 主系表结构
He has put forward unquestioned claims so consistently that he not only believes them himself, but has convinced industrial and business management that they are true.
so修饰副词,主谓结构
比较状语从句
连接词
as/than 像/比
the more … ,the more... 越……越……
A is to B what/as C is to D (abcd都是名词)(a之于b就像c之于d)
as…as…
前一个as是副词,而后一个as才是比较状语从句的连词。
The work is not as difficult as you think .工作没有你想象的那么难
I find records are often as good as,if not better than, an actual performance.
than
从句还可以用倒装, than+助动词+主语(为了句子平衡)
In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries survey.进行了倒装,be动词提前
On the whole, ambitious students are more likely to succeed in their studies than are those with little ambition.than引导的比较状语从句
方式状语从句
定义
表示动作的方式
引导词
as/ like/as if好像/as though好像和 the way等。
例句
Do it the way you were taught.状语从句
不是定语从句,没有in
Dance like nobody's watching.
Love like you' ve never been hurt.
Work like you don’t need the money.
When in Rome, do as the Romans do.入乡随俗
He looks as though/as if he is an actor.
Live like it’s heaven on earth.
as引导的方式状语可以倒装,as+助动词+主语,as替代被省略的谓语部分
状语从句的省略
同时满足下面两点
主句的主语和从句的主语一致,或者从句主语是it,指的是一个东西
从句谓语中含有be动词的情况下, 可将从句的主语和be动词省去。常见于时间、地点、条件及让步状语从句。
主系表
被动
进行时
Metals expand when heated and contract when cooled.(省略了metals are heated)
A zero can have its meaning only when (it is) used with real numbers; thoughts can give off brilliant light only when(they are) put into actions.(省略it is)
although not an economist himself,Dr smith has long been a severe critic of the economic policies
主语一致,be动词加进去可以