语法术语

备考专四，各类语法英语术语。单词 word；名词：专有名词 proper noun、可数名词 countable noun、抽象名词 abstract noun。

语法术语 Grammatical terms

• 单词 word
  • 实词 notional word
  • 虚词 structural word
• 名词
  • 专有名词 proper noun
    • 普通名词 common noun
  • 可数名词 countable noun
    • 不可数名词 uncountable noun
  • 抽象名词 abstract noun
    • 具体名词 concrete noun
      • 物质名词 material noun
  • 集体名词 collective noun
    • 个体名词 individual noun
• 动词 verb
  • 主动词 main verb 系动词 link verb 助动词 auxiliary verb
  • 及物动词 transitive verb
    • 不及物动词 intransitive verb
  • 规则动词 regular verb不规则动词 irregular verb
    • 限定动词 finite verb 非限定动词 infinite verb
  • 情态动词 modal verb 短语动词 phrasal verb 使役动词 causative verb 感官动词 verb of senses
  • 动态动词 event verb 静态动词 state verb
• 副词 adverb
  • adverb of manner 方式副词 adverb of degree 程度副词 adverb of time 时间副词 adverb of place 地点副词
  • 修饰性副词 adjunct
  • 连接性副词 conjunct
  • 关系副词 relative adverb
  • 疑问副词 interrogative adverb
• 代词 pronoun
  • 人称代词 personal pronoun
    • 物主代词 possessive pronoun
      • 反身代词 reflexive pronoun
  • 相互代词 reciprocal pronoun
    • 指示代词 demonstrative pronoun
      • 疑问代词 interrogative pronoun
  • 关系代词 relative pronoun
    • 不定代词 indefinite pronoun
  • 名词性物主代词 nominal possessive pronoun
    • 形容词性物主代词 adjectival possessive pronoun
• 时态 tense
  • 一般时 simple tense
    • 一般现在时 present simple tense
    • 一般过去时 past simple tense
    • 一般将来时 future simple tense
  • 进行时 continuous tense
    • 现在进行时 present continuous tense
    • 过去进行时 past continuous tense
    • 将来进行时 future continuous tense
  • 完成时 perfect tense
    • 过去完成时 past perfect tense
    • 现在完成时 present perfect tense
• 语态 voice
  • 主动语态 active voice
  • 被动语态 passive voice
• 常考从句 clause
  • 定语从句 the attributive clause
    • 限制性定语从句defining attributive clause
    • 非限制性定语从句non-defining attributive clause
  • 名词性从句 noun/nominal clause
    • 主语从句subject clause
    • 宾语从句object clause
    • 表语从句predicative clause
    • 同位语从句appositive clause
  • 状语从句 adverbial clause
    • 时间状语从句adverbial clause of time
    • 原因状语从句adverbial clause of reason
    • 条件状语从句adverbial clause of condition
    • 目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose
    • 结果状语从句adverbial clause of result
    • 比较状语从句adverbial clause of comparison
    • 让步状语从句adverbial clause of concession
  • 附属从句 subordinate clause 并列从句 coordinate clause
• 句子种类
  • 陈述句 declarative sentence
  • 疑问句 interrogative sentence
    • 一般疑问句general question 特殊疑问句 special 选择疑问句 alternative
    • 反意疑问句 tag/disjunctive question
    • 修辞疑问句 rhetorical question
  • 省略句 elliptical sentence
  • 祈使句 imperative sentence
  • 感叹句 exclamatory sentence
  • 并列句 compound sentence 复合句 complex sentence
  • 存在句 existential sentence
  • 肯定/否定句 positive/negative sentence
• 其他语法现象
  • 介词 preposition 连词 conjunction
  • 感叹词 exclamation 形容词 adjective
  • 表语 predicative 定语 attribute 同位语 appositive 状语 adverbial
  • 倒装 inversion
    • 完全倒装 full inversion
    • 部分倒装 partial inversion
  • 否定 negation
    • 否定范围 scope of negation
    • 全部否定 full negation 局部否定 partial negation 转移否定 shift of negation
  • 省略 ellipsis
  • 直接引语和间接引语 direct speech and indirect speech
  • 主谓一致 subjective-verb agreement
  • 非谓语动词 non-finite verbs
    • 过去分词 past participles
    • 现在分词 present participles
    • 动名词 gerund
    • 不定式 infinitives
  • 虚拟语气 subjunctive mood
  • 强调句 emphatic sentence