高中英语句法基础知识--并列句思维导图

高中英语句法基础知识--并列句，两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子，叫做并列句，其基本结构是"简单句+并列连词+简单句"。

并列句

• 学法指导
  • 定义
    • 用并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起
  • 分类
    • 并列递进
      • 连词举例：and，as well as，nor，not only…but also，both…and，neither·…nor
    • 转折
      • 连词举例：but，yet，while，whereas（然而），nevertheless（虽然如此，依然，adv.）；still（然而，adv.）
    • 因果
      • for，so，therefore（因此），hence（因此，adv.），thus
    • 选择
      • or，either…or，otherwise（否则）
  • 易考知识点
    • 汉语有“因为……所以，虽然……但是”但英语只能用一个连词
      • 1.He is ill，so he doesn't go to school today.（并列句） =Because he is ill，he doesn't go to school today. （原因状语从句）
      • 2.He worked very hard，but he didn't finish his work on time.（并列句） =Although he worked very hard，he didn't finish his work on time.（让步状语从句）
    • when和while的三点不同
      • while须和延续性动词连用，when没有延续性动词和短暂性动词的限制
        • When I met him,he was talking to a teacher
        • He came in while I was doing my homework
      • when在定语从句中作时间状语，而while不能用在定语从句中
        • I won't forget the day when my brother joined the army
      • while表不一样的情况并列存在，when表两个动作同时发生
        • My father is a teacher while my mother is a doctor
    • be about to常和when搭配
      • Iwas about to go outwhenthe doorbel rang
    • 三个“虽然”
      • Although（Though）he is only a child，he knows a lot
      • Child as he is，he knows a lot
      • While I admit that there are problems，I don't agree that they can't be solved
    • 否定句中并列用
      • He could hardly see or hear.他几乎看不见也听不见
    • 五个“但是”
      • 例句
        • He was ill yesterday, but he had to go to work.
        • He was ill yesterday, however, he had to go to work.
        • He was ill(and) yet he had to go to work.
        • He was ill. He had to go work, though.
      • 记忆理解口诀
        • but是连词，直接接句子；副词however，常作插入语；前后有“，”是它的特点；and yet等于but，and却可省；thought是副词，句尾它的家，still还可用however来代替
    • but的用法
      • It never rains but pours.不雨则己，一雨倾盆
        • never…but：不.…….则已、……就元
      • 仅仅、只不过、不管怎样
        • He left but an hour ago.他半小时前才走
      • I'm sory和excuse me后常用but接句
        • I'm sorry，but there is no wine left.
• 知识梳理
  • 并列句体现了英语句法的基本特点：两个简单句之间必须有合适的连词
  • 汉语靠意会，英语靠连词
    • 我洗衣服，我妈妈做饭 I was washing my clothes，while my mum was cooking.
    • 你想上大学，你就得努力学习 If you want to go to college，you must study hard.
  • 注意一些起连接作用的副词
    • 起转折作用的副词：whereas，nevertheless，still
    • 表因果关系的副词：therefore，hence
    • 表选择关系的副词：otherwise
  • 牢牢抓住并列句的四个关系因为并列句的习题往往是有关联词的
  • 区别连词时，要放在不同的句型中
• 总结升华
  • 学习误区
    • 在书面表达中，常常省略连词
    • 忽略表达两个句子关系的一些副词，尤其不注意这些副词的位置
    • 区别连词不在具体句子类型中，只注意汉语意思的不同
      • 这些副词都有常用的含义，不注意及时转换词义，往往造成理解的障碍
    • 不注意前后搭配
  • 知能提升
    • 一些连词貌似一样其实大有不同
      • 1.This，however，isn't your fault.但这不是你的过错
      • 2.However hard he studies，he won't pass the exam.无论他学习多么努力，他也不会通过考试
      • 1.He is still a worker now.他现在仍然是个工人
      • 2.He is a good man.Stil，he has some shortcomings.他是一个好人，但是他也有一些毛病
    • 注意成分分析
      • 1.He as well as I likes playing football
      • 2.Not only he but also I like playing football
      • 1.as well as 强调前者，所以连接主语时，以前者为准
      • 2.not only……but also 强调双方并列所以连接主语时，以两者相加为准
    • 注意连词多义现象
      • 1.He has told me，as well as them，about the news.他把这个消息告诉了我，也告诉了他们
      • 2.He has told me，as well as they，about the news.s把这个消息告诉了我，他们也告诉了我