mindmap

a)如果数量概念被看做一个整体，动词用单数，否则复数；b)分数（或百分数）+of，动词类型依照of后的名词类别而定。

Problems of subject concord

• Coordinate Subject
  • 1)由and/both...and连接的并列主语
    • 意义为复数时动词就用复数
      • The fishing and the hunting in Arizona were good that year.
    • 表示单数意义时用单数
      • Hams and eggs is a good breakfast.
    • 带and的省略结构意义为复数时用复数
      • What I say and think are no business of yours.
    • each,every,many a等用单数
      • Every boy and every girl is good.
  • 2)由or/nor/either...or连接
    • neither...nor,not only...but also
    • 就近原则
      • Either my father or my brothers are coming.
  • 3)主语+as much as等
    • rather than,more than,no less than
    • 动词形式依主语本身的单复数决定
      • His brother rather than his parents is to blame.
  • 4)主语+as well as等
    • in addition to,with,along with,together with,except
    • 动词形式依主语本身的单复数决定
      • No one except two girls was late for dinner.
• Noun Phrase of Amount or Quantity
  • 1）以表示确定数量的名词词组作主语
    • a)如果数量概念被看做一个整体，动词用单数，否则复数
      • Five hours is needed to complete the outline.
    • b)分数（或百分数）+of，动词类型依照of后的名词类别而定
      • Five percent of the patients are woman.
    • c)两数相减或相除，用单数；相乘相加用复数
      • Forty divided by eight is five.
    • one in/one out of+复数名词，正式体中用单数，非正式复数
      • One in ten students has failed the exam.
  • 2）以表示非确定数量的名词词组作主语
    • 主语是all of...等，动词形式依照of后的名词类别
      • some of,none of,half of,most of
      • Some of the books were lost.
    • lots of+名词，动词形式依照of后的名词类别
      • heaps of,loads of, scads of,plenty of
      • Lots of food is going to waste.
    • a portion of，动词用单数
      • a series of, a pile of, a panel of
      • A series of accidents has been reported.
    • 限定词+kind/type/sort of
      • a kind of后通常跟单数或者不可数名词，动词用单数
        • This kind of man annoys me.
      • many kinds of什么都可以，动词用复数
    • many a/more than one+名词，动词用单数
      • Many a man has done this duty.
    • an average of+复数名词，表示多数个体概念用复数，否则用单数
      • An average of 25 persons apply each month.
• Collective Noun
  • 1)通常作复数的集体名词
    • police,people,cattle,militia,poultry,vermin后用复数
      • Domestic cattle provides us with milk.
  • 2）通常作不可数名词的集体名词
    • foliage, machinery,equipment,furniture,merchandise作不可数时用单数
      • All the machinary is made in China.
  • 3）既可作单数也可作复数
    • audience,committee,class单复数都可以作
      • crew,family,government,public
      • The city council is meeting to set its agenda.
  • 4）a committee of等+复数名词
    • a panel of/a board of,动词用单数
      • A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.
• Others
  • 1)以名词性分句作主语的主谓一致问题
    • 由what,who,why,how等，动词用单数
      • What caused the accident is a mystery.
    • 两个由and连接的作主语，动词用复数
      • What caused accident and who was responsible for it remain a mystery.
  • 2)以非限定分句作主语的主谓一致问题
    • 动词用单数
      • To eat well is all he asks.
    • and连接，指两件事用复数，一件事用单数
      • reading和solving是两件事
  • 3)关系分句中的主谓一致问题
    • 动词形式通常依关系代词先行项的形式而定
    • one of+复数名词+关系分句
      • 为强调one或有定冠词the,the only时动词可采用单数
      • 动词用复数
        • John is one of those people who die.
  • 4)分裂句中的主谓一致问题
    • It is I/me+who/that分句
      • It is I who am to blame.
  • 5)存在句中的主谓一致问题
    • 谓语动词的单复形式取决于实义主语的形式
      • There is a note on the desk.
    • 当实义主语时并列结构，只要第一个并列成分不是复数，谓语动词可用单数
      • There's more grace and less carelessness.