导图社区 5500-Unit 5
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5500-Unit 5
朱伟老师5500真题Unit 5词汇，星星数为重要程度，62个主词及其衍生的形近词、词组、同义词、近义词、反义词等；还有例句辅助理解记忆，祝大家都能顺利上岸哦！
编辑于2022-06-26 19:13:01
- 临江仙人物关系图
追剧《临江仙》是不是被复杂的人物关系绕晕啦？别怕，这张人物关系图来拯救你，带你轻松理清人物脉络，沉浸式追剧.
- 365天艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线学习计划表
"高效学习必备！艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线学习计划表帮你科学对抗遗忘。表格包含365天序号追踪，每日学习时间、内容记录，以及5分钟、30分钟、12小时的短期记忆复习周期和长期复习周期，按1天、2天、4天、7天、15天、1个月、3个月、6个月的关键间隔重复强化记忆，打钩标记完成进度。结构化设计让知识牢固扎根，适合长期备考或技能提升。"
- 艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线-计划表（专业课）【40天】
"40天高效攻克考研专业课！基于艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线的科学计划表，帮你稳扎稳打对抗遗忘。表格包含40天的详细复习周期，清晰规划每日任务。只需按日期填写并严格执行，记忆留存率翻倍！告别盲目复习，用数据化工具冲刺高分。"
5500-Unit 5
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- 临江仙人物关系图
追剧《临江仙》是不是被复杂的人物关系绕晕啦？别怕，这张人物关系图来拯救你，带你轻松理清人物脉络，沉浸式追剧.
- 365天艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线学习计划表
"高效学习必备！艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线学习计划表帮你科学对抗遗忘。表格包含365天序号追踪，每日学习时间、内容记录，以及5分钟、30分钟、12小时的短期记忆复习周期和长期复习周期，按1天、2天、4天、7天、15天、1个月、3个月、6个月的关键间隔重复强化记忆，打钩标记完成进度。结构化设计让知识牢固扎根，适合长期备考或技能提升。"
- 艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线-计划表（专业课）【40天】
"40天高效攻克考研专业课！基于艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线的科学计划表，帮你稳扎稳打对抗遗忘。表格包含40天的详细复习周期，清晰规划每日任务。只需按日期填写并严格执行，记忆留存率翻倍！告别盲目复习，用数据化工具冲刺高分。"
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5500-Unit 5
1、neglect ☆☆☆
v.忽视；疏忽；疏漏；忽略
【拓展】 negligible 微不足道的，不值一提的
【v.忽视；疏忽】 This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite. 这引发了社会科学家的抗议。但该方案的本意并非是要忽视社会科学，而是完全相反。
形近词
negative
adj.负的，小于零的；负面的
【adj.负面的】 ☛ The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media ___. [A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers [B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing [C] may be responsible for fiercer competition [D] deserve all the negative comments about them 作者在第三段指出赢得媒体___。 [A]会引发狂热的消费者之间持续的冲突 [B]可以用于在营销中制造负面影响 [C]可能会造成更激烈的竞争 [D]应受到所有对其的负面评论 ☛ Those things might be social, sporting, creative or completely random (dancing around the living room, anyone?)—it doesn't matter, so long as they're enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects, such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you're on a tight budget. 这些事情可能是社交性的、运动性的、创造性的或完全随机的（在客厅里跳舞，任何人都可以？）——这没关系，只要它们是令人愉快的，并且不太可能有负面的副作用，比如喝太多酒或在预算紧张的情况下疯狂消费。 【killing spree 疯狂屠杀；大杀特杀
【拓展】 F**k the countdown, spit at these things. Time is only a ruler, not a scale. Which point you will fall at is all decided on your own. Please do what you need to do and calm down ! 去他的倒计时，最反感这些东西。时间只是标尺，不是刻度。你落在那个点，你自己决定。该干嘛干嘛，别受影响啊！
形近词
negotiate
v.谈判；协商
词组
be neglectful of
不关注；不注意；忽视
【拓展】 不注意；忽视：be blind to / be ignorant of ignore sth.(vt.) ignore of sth.(vi.)
2、complex ☆☆☆
n.复合体；综合建筑群 adj.复杂的；合成的；综合的
【adj.复杂的】 ☛ This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. 经济的高速发展需要复杂的政治体制，而这种日益提高的教育水平可能是建立这种政治体制的必要条件，但非充分条件。 ☛ Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries: editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology. 在科学界复杂的社会结构中，研究者做出科学发现：编辑和评审作为把关者控制科学发现公开发表的过程；其他科学家利用新的发现来满足自己的目的；最后，公众（包括其他科学家）接受新的科学发现，以及可能随之而来的科技。 【accompanying = ensuing
形近词
complexity
n.复杂；复杂性；复杂的事物
【拓展】 complexion 肤色，脸色
【n.复杂】 More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry's work. 最近，研究者在调查住宅建设时发现，尽管建筑业的工作复杂，但得克萨斯州休斯敦市那些不识字、不会说英语的墨西哥建筑工人却始终达到了最佳劳动生产效率的标准。
同义词
perplexing
adj.复杂的；令人费解的
intricate
adj.错综复杂的；难理解的
【拓展】 intrigue v./n. 密谋，阴谋 intriguing a.令人好奇的，有趣的
sophisticated
adj.复杂的；深奥微妙的
【拓展】 sophomore 二年级的 recruit 新人，菜鸟 veteran 老兵
3、solve ☆☆☆
v.解决；解答
【v.解决】 To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students' ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. 为了鼓励创新和竞争，该报告呼吁加大研究投资，精心制定连贯的课程以提高21世纪学生解决问题和有效沟通的能力，增加对教师的资金投入，鼓励学者应用自己的学识来应对当今的巨大挑战。
形近词
resolve
v.决定；下定决心；(委员会或集会）表决；解决（问题、疑问等）；使分解为
【拓展】 resolution 像素；解析度；决心 resolute a.果敢的，有决心的
solution
n.解决；解决方法；溶液
【n.解决；解决方法】 In this text, the author mainly discusses ___. [A] flawed ownership of America's law firms and its causes [B] the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America [C] a problem in America's legal profession and solutions to it [D] the role of undergraduate studies in America's legal education 在这篇文章中，作者主要讨论了____。 [A]美国律师事务所所有权的缺陷及其成因 [B]有助于在美国成为一名成功律师的因素 [C]美国法律行业存在的一个问题及其解决方法 [D]美国法律教育中本科教育的作用
4、hence ☆☆☆
adv.从此；今后；因此
【拓展】 Consequently, hitherto =till now 迄今 My friend Phil revealed his hitherto unknown gift for doing impressions at The Brain show.
5、deprive ☆☆☆
v.夺去；使丧失
The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don't know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. 该委员会忽视的是，几十年来，美国的学院和大学培养的毕业生并不知道人文教育的内容和特色，因此也没有从中受益。
6、elite ☆☆☆
[ɪ'li:t] n.上层人士；掌权人物；实力集团；精英
【n.精英】 If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006's World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the late months. 如果你去查一下每一位参加了2006年世界杯足球锦标赛的足球运动员的出生证明，你可能会发现一个值得注意的奇怪现象：优秀的足球运动员更有可能在每年的头几个月出生，而非后几个月。
形近词
elitism
n.精英主义；杰出人物统治论
【拓展】 aristocracy 贵族 an aristocratic lady 贵妇 meritocracy n. 精英领导体制，精英管理的社会；精英领导阶级 merit -cracy -crat -cratic meritocrat 精英分子 meritocratic 精英主义的 bureaucracy 官僚主义 buraucrat 官僚主义者 bureaucratic 官僚主义的 aristocracy 高贵；贵族 aristocrat 贵族 aristocratic 高贵的，高高在上的
7、owe ☆☆☆
v.欠（钱）；欠（情）；应把……归功（于）
【v.应把……归功（于）】 Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes from public-sector unions. 其现任领袖埃德·米利班德把他的就任归功于公共部门工会的选票。
词组
owing to
由于，因为
【拓展】 owe A to B, ascribe A to B, attribute A to B overdue 逾期 undue adj. 不适当的，过分的；未到期的
8、admit ☆☆☆
v.让……进入；接纳；承认
【v.承认】 ☛ We have no land ethic yet, but we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us. 我们还没有建立土地伦理观，但我们至少近乎承认，无论鸟类能否带给我们经济价值，它们自有生存下去的权利。 ☛ A large part of evaluation is calling out bad arguments, but we also need to admit good arguments by opponents and to apply the same critical standards to ourselves. 大部分评价是大声指出对方糟糕的论据，但我们也需要承认对方好的论据，并运用同样的评价标准审视自己。
【拓展】 You repair and charge yourself more often than not to see the limitations, break through the uncertainty, and hereby embrace the possibilities. 时不时自己返修充电，才能看到局限性，冲破不确定性，拥抱可能性。
形近词
admission
n.承认；入场费；进入许可；坦白
【拓展】 -mit -mission transmit transmission emit emission
【n.进入许可】 ☛ The scores were then used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is marked out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her. 这些分数随后会同申请者的企业管理研究生入学考试（GMAT，满分为800分的标准化测试）成绩共同决定是否录取该申请人。 ☛ He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews, conducted by 31 admissions officers. 他研究了由31名招生负责人进行的对9323名工商管理硕士面试的结果。
9、interpret ☆☆☆
v.解释；了解；认为；口译
形近词
interpretation
n.解释；翻译
【n.解释】 While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. 虽然法律新闻报道的质量有很大不同，但是许多新闻记者都过分依赖律师提供给他们的解释。
misinterpret
v.曲解
The author thinks the banks were "on the wrong planet" in that they ___. [A] misinterpreted market price indicators [B] exaggerated the real value of their assets [C] neglected the likely existence of bad debts [D] denied booking losses in their sale of assets 作者认为银行“脱离实际”是因为它们___。 [A]曲解了市场价格指标 [B]夸大了其资产的真实价值 [C]忽略了可能存在的坏账 [D]否认了资产出售时的账面损失
近义词
define
v.使明确；解释
specify
v.指定；详述
10、demonstrate ☆☆☆
v.论证；证明；显示；表明；示威游行
【v.证明】 But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment. 但至少，他们已经证明当公司在法律层面遇到麻烦时，拥有良好的形象能为他们争取到一个价钱不那么高昂的处罚。
11、decline ☆☆☆
v.衰落；下降；使倾斜；拒绝；谢绝 n.衰落；下降；斜面；倾斜
【v.拒绝；谢绝】 Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. 编辑会根据收到的（专家）意见来决定发表还是拒绝发表这篇论文。
词组
on the decline
在衰退中
近义词
descend
v.下来；下降；降低身份；沦落； （大批人）突然到来，突然造访
【v.降低身份；沦落】 In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn't affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant's sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment. 在2006年电影版的《穿普拉达的女王》中，梅丽尔·斯特里普饰演的米兰达·普利斯特利斥责她那没有魅力的助手，因为这位助手认为高端时尚与她无关。普利斯特利解释了助手身上那件深蓝色毛衣这些年来是如何从时装展降格到百货店，再沦落到打折区的。毫无疑问，这个可怜的姑娘就是在打折区买到这件衣服的。
decrease
v.减少；减小
12、permanent ☆☆☆
adj.永久的
☛ We learn from Paragraph 2 that ___. [A] celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip [B] single mothers with babies deserve greater attention [C] news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining [D] having children is highly valued by the public 根据第二段，我们可以得知___。 [A]明星妈妈是个永恒的八卦来源 [B]带孩子的单身母亲值得给予更多关注 [C]名人怀孕的新闻是娱乐性的 [D]公众非常赞成养育孩子 ☛ But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency-permanent dependency if you can get it—supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. 但在奥斯本世界，你的第一本能是依赖别人——如果可能，就永远依赖别人。而这种依赖由一个非常乐意纵容你错误的政府支持。
近义词
durable
adj.耐用的；持久的
【adj.持久的】 According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be ___. [A] domestic and temporary [B] irregular and violent [C] durable and frequent [D] trivial and random 根据第四段，女性面临的压力往往是___。 [A]家庭内部的、暂时的 [B]不规律的、强烈的 [C]持久的、频繁的 [D]琐碎的、偶然的
【拓展】 endurable 能忍受的 endurable pigments 耐热颜料 bearable 可承受的
13、measure ☆☆☆
v.量，测量；估量；衡量 n.衡量；估量；尺寸，大小； [常pl.] 措施；办法
【n.衡量，估量】 It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. 或许可以说，衡量任何一个社会机构的价值的标准是其在丰富和提升经验方面所起的作用，但这种作用并不是其初始动机的一部分。
【拓展】 衡量一个人成功的标准，不是看站在峰顶的时候，而是看从峰顶跌落谷底后的反弹力！ The way to measure a man is bound up less with the highlight of his or her life than how high he or she bounces when hitting bottom.
14、priority ☆☆☆
n.优先事项；优先权；最重要的事；当务之急
【n.优先权】 It is stated in Paragraph 1 that construction of a new education system ___. [A] challenges economists and politicians [B] takes efforts of generations [C] demands priority from the government [D] requires sufficient labor force 第一段表明，建立一个新的教育体系___。 [A]向经济学家和政治家提出了挑战 [B]需要几代人的努力 [C]需要政府给予优先权 [D]需要充足的劳动力
15、balance ☆☆☆
v.（使）保持平衡；（用天平）称；使平衡 n.天平；平衡；均衡
【n.平衡】 But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration's effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states. 但是在宪法这一更为重要的问题上，最高法院以8：0的一致表决使企图打破联邦政府与各州间权力平衡的奥巴马政府完败。
形近词
well-balanced
adj.均衡的
counterbalance
n.起平衡作用的事物；平衡力；抵消因素 v.使平衡；抵消
词组
level off
将……弄平；使平整
词组
break even
不盈不亏；够本
同义词
steady
adj.稳定的；稳步的，持续的
stabilize
v.（使）稳定；（使）稳固
16、afford ☆☆☆
v.负担得起；买得起；供给； 给予；经得住；承受得起
【v.负担得起】 ☛ Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can't afford not to. 虚荣心会一直存在；只有当人们无法负担不可持续性的消费时，他们才会开始更加可持续性地进行消费。 ☛ Law-school debt means that many cannot afford to go into government or non-profit work, and that they have to work fearsomely hard. 读法学院时负债意味着很多学生负担不起到政府部门或非营利性机构工作的费用，他们不得不全力以赴地工作。
形近词
unaffordable
adj.负担不起的
People are more interested in unaffordable garments. 人们对买不起的衣服更感兴趣。
词组
afford to
负担得起；承受得起
【承受得起】 For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. 一方面，（美国）南部各州承受不了没有奴隶的后果。
17、entrepreneur ☆☆☆
n.企业家
You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels. 俗话说，金钱买不来地位，这些暴富的企业家无法给他们设立的奖项买来诺贝尔奖般的声望。
【拓展】 enterprise 事业；企业 connoisseur 内行 enterprise = mill 工厂 + aspiration corporation 企业 + ambition commercial entity + get-up-and-go 奋斗 复合词： wear and tear n. toil and moil vi. wax and wane vi. 起起伏伏 = fluctuate wave fluctuate back and forth
18、historian ☆☆☆
n.历史学家
But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the role slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. 不过最近，许多历史学家开始关注奴隶制在（美国）开国元勋生活中所起的作用。
【拓展】 -ian comedy comedian tragedy tragedian library librarian vegetation vegetarian vegetarianism
19、vote ☆☆☆
v.投票；表决 n.投票；选票；选票数
【n.选票；选票数】 Britain's Labor Party, as its name implies, has long been associated with trade unionism. Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes from public-sector unions. 现任领袖埃德·米利班德把他的就任归功于公共部门工会的选票。
【v.投票】 If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country's economic prospects? 如果一切都那么顺利，那为什么还有1700多万人不顾脱欧对英国经济前景的影响，投票支持脱欧呢？
形近词
devoted
adj.献身的；忠诚的
【adj.忠诚的】 Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. 那些回应称音乐录音不能代替现场演出的忠实音乐会迷们没有抓住问题的关键。
词组
election campaign
选举活动
同义词
ballot
n.（无记名）投票； （无记名）选票； （无记名）表决
【n.（无记名）投票】 Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them. 求职面试、选举选票、会议发言人和与会者名单的候选名单：所有这些都倾向于按字母顺序拟定，而他们的收件人在仔细阅读时会失去兴趣。
20、poetry ☆☆☆
n.诗歌；诗节
【n.诗歌】 So poor in one sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry. 从某种意义上来说，他的记忆力如此糟糕，以至于他对某个日期或者一行诗句的记忆从不会超过几天。
形近词
poet
n.诗人
21、notice ☆☆☆
n.通知；通告；布告；注意；认识 v.注意到；注意
【v.注意到】 As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. 许多人到了中年时，常常开始注意到自己的记忆力和头脑清晰度大不如前。
【拓展】 The heart is will, but the flesh is weak.
词组
at/on short notice
在短时间内，立刻
词组
take notice of
注意到
同义词
advertisement
n. 广告；宣传；公告
近义词
detect
v.发现；查出；测出；觉察；发觉
【拓展】 detective 侦探
22、nevertheless ☆☆☆
conj.然而；不过；尽管如此 adv.仍然；不过；尽管如此
【adv.尽管如此】 Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person's early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual. 尽管如此，正如任何一个传记作家所知道的，一个人的早期生活以及所处环境经常是一个人所获得的最好礼物。 【autobiography 自传
同义词
though
conj.尽管；虽然
After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. 毕竟，它（微软）也有广告生意，且声称广告生意将会遵守“禁止追踪”的要求，尽管它仍在研究如何实现。
23、cell ☆☆☆
n.细胞；小囚房；蜂房；电池
【n.细胞】 Most tests require collecting cells by swabbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA. 大多数检测都需要从口腔中刮取唾液来收集细胞，并将其送到公司进行检测。所有的检测都需要有一个可进行DNA比对的合适人选。
24、random ☆☆☆
adj.随机的；随意的；任意的 n.随机；随意
【adj.随意的】 According to Paragraph 2, sold media feature ___. [A] a safe business environment [B] random competition [C] strong user traffic [D] flexibility in organization 由第二段可知，“出售”媒体的特点是 ___. [A]商业环境安全 [B]竞争自由 [C]用户流量庞大 [D]组织灵活
25、ensure ☆☆☆
v.确保；保证
What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for "fundamental fairness"—protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits. 我们要理解，激励他的是他对“基本公平”的热忱。他要保护纳税人、控制支出，并确保只有最应该得到帮助的申请人才能得到救济金。 【zealous a.热情洋溢
形近词
assure
v.向……保证；使……确信
【拓展】 self-assurance 自信 ensue in the ensuing year sue sb. for sth. 因某事而起诉某人 sue you for slander 因诽谤而起诉
26、dominate ☆☆☆
v.支配；控制；统治；占优势
【v.控制】 The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. 市场的运转基于灵活多变的市场趋势，而这种趋势是由潜在的买家控制的。
形近词
dominant
adj.支配的；主要的；统治的；占优势的；显性的
【adj.支配的；主要的】 Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. 历史特殊论成为美国人类学研究中文化研究的主要方法，这在很大程度上是受到了博厄斯众多学生的影响。
predominance
n.优势；主导或支配的地位
【拓展】 be predominant in 占据 be preoccupied by/with 被占据
predominantly
adv. 支配地；主要地
形近词
domestic
adj.国内的；本国的；家里的；家庭的
【adj.家里的；家庭的】 The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one shot deals. 女性遭受的各种人际暴力往往发生在家庭环境中。不幸的是，这种暴力往往来自父母或其他家庭成员，而且一般不会只有一次。
27、acceptance ☆☆☆
n.接受；赞同；忍受；容忍；承受
【n.接受】 But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery. 但是，将一个发现声明转变为一个成熟的发现需要经过集体的审视和接受。
【拓展】 self-acceptance： Today I came back to HK to stand before you and account to myself. --- By Edison Chen accountability （承担法律后果的责任） responsibility（偏道德） liability （义务）
28、purchase ☆☆☆
v.买，购买 n.购买的物品
【v.买，购买】 More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last year, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. 据道格·福格说，自从去年亲子鉴定包首次不用处方就可以购买以来，其购买者已超过六万人。道格·福格是辨识基因公司的首席运营官，这家公司生产这种非处方试剂盒。
【拓展】 chase up 赶上 catch up with ... chase down 找出 figure out chase after 追逐 pursue chase away 驱逐 expel / drive out
29、vast ☆☆☆
adj.巨大的；大量的；辽阔的；巨额的
【adj.巨大的】 The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. 铁路行业的大规模整合意味着大多数托运人只能由一家铁路公司提供服务。 【consolidate = merger and acquisition M & A
形近词
vastly
adv.极大地；广大地；深远地
【adv.极大地】 At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. 与此同时，与过去相比，全世界正在大大加快正常的社会变革速度。
形近词
devastating
adj.毁灭性的；极具破坏力的
【adj.极具破坏力的】 The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating. 这些较长期的人际关系的耗损可能极具破坏力。
30、adopt ☆☆☆
v.采用；采纳；通过；收养；吸收
形近词
adoptive
adj.收养的；有收养关系的
【adj.收养的】 There are also stories about newly adoptive—and newly single—mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual Jennifer Aniston is pregnant" news. （杂志上）也会有最近刚收养孩子———和刚刚成为单身——的妈妈桑德拉·布洛克的故事，以及那种很常见的“詹妮弗·安妮斯顿怀孕了”的新闻。
【拓展】 adoption n. adopt v.收养，采纳 adapt v.1.适应 oneself to 2.改编 adaptableShe adapted herself to the whole new environment. adept adj.娴熟的 be adept at be adept at making up the excuses
31、equal ☆☆☆
n.（地位）相当的人；对等的事物 v.等于 adj.同样的；相等的；平等的；胜任的
【adj.同样的，相等的】 In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males. 几项研究发现，当处于焦虑不安状态之下的雌鼠的卵巢（雌性生殖器官）被切除后，它们的化学反应就变得与雄鼠相同了。
形近词
equally
adv.相等地；平等地；同样地
Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. 同样不会令人感到奇怪的是，最终只有约一半的人能获得教授职称，而这是他们当初读研究生的目的。
equate
v.使相等；视为平等；等同于
equality
n.等同性；平等；同等
【n.平等】 The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. 独立运动的早期领导人的理想通常是实行平等主义，重视万物平等。
equivalent
adj.等值的；相等的；等同的 n.等同物；等值物；对应物
【adj.相等的；等同的】 In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing? 在一个如此坚持赞美生育的社会中，承认自己后悔生小孩就相当于承认自己支持杀害小猫一样，这有什么奇怪的吗？ 【equivocal = ambiguous = vague
32、context ☆☆☆
n.上下文；背景；环境；语境
【n.背景；语境】 So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. 因此，将习惯同创造力和创新放在同一个背景下讨论似乎是相互矛盾的。
【n.背景】 We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience. 我们的目标是做到客观，但我们无法摆脱自身独特的生活阅历背景带来的影响。
33、revenue ☆☆☆
n.收入；财政收入；税收
【n.收入】 And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining. 尽管纸质版的广告销量仍然领先于其在线版和手机版，但是纸质版的收入却仍在下降。
【拓展】 ven- = come with the advent of 5G era convenient
同义词
taxation
n.课税；征税
34、requirement ☆☆☆
n.需求；要求；必要条件
【n.要求】 However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers (and even some large food producers and existing wholesalers) from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains. 然而，这些要求都不能阻止大型零售商（甚至一些大型食品生产商和现有批发商）一试身手，因为只要掌握了欧洲批发业的复杂流程，就很可能获得可观的收益。
形近词
require
v.需要；要求；命令
【v.需要】 Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. 成功的市场需要独立的甚至好斗的标准制定者。
35、attendance ☆☆☆
n.出席；参加；出勤；出席的人数
形近词
attendant
n.(加油站、停车场、更衣室等的）服务员，侍者 adj.随之而来的；附带的
【adj.随之而来的】 Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent—and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance—have jumped eight-fold in just one generation. 甚至人口统计结果也对中产阶级家庭不利，因为家里出现年老体弱的父母——以及随之而来对体力和经济资助的需要——的概率仅仅在一代人的时间里就猛涨到此前的八倍。
36、obtain ☆☆☆
v.获得；得到
It involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome. 它包括设定明确的目标、获得即时的反馈，以及方法和结果并重。
形近词
obtainable
adj.可获得的；可取得的
同义词
gain
v.获得；赢得
近义词
derive
v.获得；取得；得到；（使）起源于；（使）来自
【v.（使）起源于；（使）来自】 The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely untested theory called the "two-step flow of communication" : Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. 有影响力人士的所谓的重要性源自一个听起来似乎合理但在很大程度上未经检验的理论，即“信息二级传播”理论：信息从媒介传播到有影响力人士，再从有影响力人士传播到其他每个人。
37、lie ☆☆☆
v.躺；平放；位于；说谎 n.谎话；谎言
【n.谎话；谎言】 That's a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you're good at and doing even more of it creates excellence. 那是一个我们延续了很久的谎言，它助长了平庸。了解自己的优势所在，并力求强化这一优势才能走向卓越。
【拓展】 outlier = outsider 局外人
形近词
underlie
v.位于或存在于(某物）之下；构成……的基础（或起因）
underlying
adj.潜在的；根本的；在下面的
词组
lie in
在于；位于
lie with sb.
是某人的责任；取决于；在于
It lies with you to make the final decision.
38、debate ☆☆☆
v.辩论；争论；思考 n.争论；争辩
【v.辩论；争论】 ☛ Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. 各类学者、决策人士和评论人士已经讨论了这些改变可能引发的社会影响，但很少有人能看到其副作用，即家庭面临的风险也提高了。 ☛ But had Entergy kept its word, that debate would be beside the point. 但是如果安特吉公司遵守诺言，那么这场争论就无关紧要了。
近义词
controversy
n.辩论；争论
dispute
n.辩论；争端
39、agenda ☆☆☆
n.议题；事日程；目的；动机
【n.议题】 First, most people do not realise that there are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode. 首先，大多数人没有意识到一些宏大的商业议题正在起作用，使他们处于被动消费的状态。
词组
flexible schedule
弹性工作时间表
同义词
schedule
n.时刻表；进度表；计划；清单
40、quote ☆☆☆
v.引用；援引 n.引文
【v.引用】 Paragraph 3 shows that a discovery claim becomes credible after it ___. [A] has attracted the attention of the general public [B] has been examined by the scientific community [C] has received recognition from editors and reviewers [D] has been frequently quoted by peer scientists 第三段表明一项发现声明在___之后变得可信。 [A]吸引了普通大众的注意力 [B]经过科学界的检验 [C]获得编辑和评论家的认可 [D]被同行科学家频繁地引用
形近词
quotation
n.引用；引证
近义词
cite
v.引用；考证
【拓展】 Faith consists in believing when it is beyond the power of reason to believe. Life consists not in holding good cards, but in playing well those you hold.
41、characterize ☆☆☆
v.是……的特征；使具有特点；描述
词组
be characterized by
被描述为……； 具有……的特征
【具有……的特征】 ☛ He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the "survival of the fittest," in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies. 他认为人类进化的特点就是一种他称之为“适者生存”的竞争。在这场竞争中，弱小的种族和群落最终一定会被更强大、更先进的种族和群落取代。 ☛ According to the first paragraph, the process of discovery is characterized by its ___. [A] uncertainty and complexity [Bl misconception and deceptiveness [C] logicality and objectivity [D] systematicness and regularity 根据第一段，科学发现过程的特点是___。 [A]不确定性和复杂性 [B]误解性和欺骗性 [C]逻辑性和客观性 [D]系统性和规律性
同义词
portray
v描绘； 描述
Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance—as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation. 如今，教授们通常会把进步的历史观和渐进的公共政策当作正统的研究对象，而将传统或古典的自由主义理念（比如自由市场或自力更生）描述为不合常规，有时甚至是不合常理的学术研究。
depict
v.描绘；描述
42、gradual ☆☆☆
adj.逐渐的；逐步的
【adj.逐渐的】 According to Paragraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB's attempt to ___. [A] keep away from political influences [B] evade the pressure from their peers [C] act on their own in rule-setting [D] take gradual measures in reform 根据第四段的内容，麦克里维反对国际会计准则委员会（IASB）的意图是___。 [A]远离政治影响 [B]躲避同行压力 [C]独自制定规则 [D]逐步进行改革
43、circuit ☆☆☆
n.环道；巡回；电路
【n.巡回】 In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. 美国联邦巡回上诉法院的一个举动让知识产权律师议论纷纷，那就是它宣布将使用一个特案来对商业方法专利展开广泛复查。
44、disorder ☆☆☆
n.（身心机能的）失调；不适；紊乱；疾病；杂乱；混乱
【n.疾病】 Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men. 相比于男性，女性在应对压力时特别容易患抑郁症和焦虑症。
形近词
distort
v.歪曲；扭曲；曲解
【v.扭曲】 They could distort the achievement based system of peer-review-led research. 他们会扭曲以同行评审为导向的基于学术成就的研究体系。
45、respond ☆☆☆
v.回答；答复；响应；应对
【v.应对】 Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. 出版商通过向作家收取费用以负担编纂文章成本的方式来应对向读者免费提供作品的要求。
形近词
responsible
adj.负责的；有责任的；可靠的
【adj.负责任的】 The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. 有关家庭作业的规定应暂缓实施，而负责制定教育政策的校董事会应深入调查并举行公众听证会。
responsibility
n.责任；职责
【n.负责】 While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we're ignoring the balance of power that implies that as "consumers" we must shop sustainably, rather than as "citizens" hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change. 当围绕“我们的环境及我们对它的责任”这一讨论仍然聚焦于购物袋和吸管时，我们忽视了对一种力量的制衡，这股力量暗示，作为“消费者”我们必须可持续地消费，而不是以“公民”身份去追究政府和产业的责任以推动真正的系统性变革。
形近词
corresponding
adj.相当的；相应的；一致的；通信的
correspondent
n.(尤指专门报道某一类新闻的）记者；通讯员
词组
in responding to
对……做出回应
in response to
对……做出反应
These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks or wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues. 当消费者响应一系列精心设计的日常暗示、几乎不假思索地吃零食或擦桌台之时，这些习惯已经帮助公司赚取了数十亿美元。
【拓展】 It is a true story of leeks worrying about whether the sickle's edge is sharp enough. 韭菜操心镰刀锋不锋利的真实故事。（被别人卖了，还要替别人数钱）
46、govern ☆☆☆
v.统治；管理；支配；控制；影响
形近词
government
n.政府
governance
n.统治方式； 管理方法
【n.管理方法】 Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them—especially in America—the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss's agenda in business of every variety. 就在各公司老板和董事会最终解决了其糟糕的财务和合规问题，并改善了薄弱的公司管理之际，一个新的问题——数据不安全问题——可能会给他们（尤其是在美国）招来那种不可避免地导致公司管理层受到重罚的负面头条新闻。此前，信息保护一直由古怪而又低级别的信息技术人员来负责，并且被认为是诸如银行、电信以及航空旅行这类拥有大量数据的行业才会关注的问题，而如今却成为各行业老板议事日程中的头等大事。
government-funded
adj.政府拨款的
The Internet—and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it—is making access to scientific results a reality. 网络正在使获取科研成果成为现实，那些资助机构同时也在施压，他们质疑为何商业出版商可以通过限制获取科研成果而从这些政府资助的研究项目中获利。
形近词
self-governing
adj.自我管理的
词组
be governed by
受约束；被控制
同义词
administrate
v.管理
近义词
conduct
v.引领；引导
47、temporary ☆☆☆
adj.临时的，暂时的
反义词
chronic
adj.（疾病）慢性的，长期的；难以根除的；积习难改的
【adj.（疾病）慢性的、长期的】 Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. 并非每个人都会经历阿尔瓦雷斯所描述的那些严重的慢性压力。
48、sufficient ☆☆☆
adj.足够的：充分的
【拓展】 deficient 匮乏的 insufficient
近义词
adequate
adj.足够的；适当的
【拓展】 inadequate
affluent
adj.富裕的；富足的
abundant
adj.大量的；充足的
【拓展】 abound vi. Aspiration abounds.
ample
adj.足够的；充足的
【拓展】 amplify v. amplifier 扬声器 magnify
49、remains ☆☆☆
n.[复]剩余；残余；遗迹
形近词
remain
v.保持；依然；留下；剩余；逗留；残存
【v.依然】 Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. 日本过去是汽车装配生产的全球领导者，现在也依然是。
remaining
adj.剩下的；剩余的
【adj.剩余的】 By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain's remaining colonies. 到1854年时，除了西班牙剩余的一些殖民地外，其他地区的奴隶制均已废除。
50、misery ☆☆☆
n.痛苦；苦难；不幸
【n.痛苦】 Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn't have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives. 不幸福的父母很少被激起对“自己当初是否不该要孩子”的思考，但不幸福的无子女者却被“孩子是世界上唯一最重要的东西”这一观点困扰：显然，他们的痛苦必定是生活中没有孩子的缺憾所带来的直接后果。
词组
be sorrowful of
伤心；悲伤
同义词
grief
n.悲伤；悲痛
51、stock ☆☆☆
n.备料；库存；现货；股票；公债 v.储存
【n.股票】 Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. 和数百万家庭一样，炼钢工人、航空公司员工以及如今的汽车工业从业者都不得不开始担心利率、股市涨跌以及一个残酷的现实：他们的退休金可能不够养老。
词组
stock price
股价
stock market
股市
laughing stock
笑柄
52、philosopher ☆☆☆
n.哲学家；哲人
【n.哲学家】 ☛ Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as "a bodily exercise precious to health." 古希腊哲学家亚里士多德把大笑看作“一种非常有益于健康的身体锻炼”。 ☛ In the end, credibility "happens" to a discovery claim—a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind. 最后，可信度“降临”到发现声明上，这一过程和哲学家安妮特·拜尔对于“思维的交汇”的描述是一致的。
形近词
philosophy
n.哲学；哲理；人生哲学；见解
【拓展】 philanthrope 大慈善家
【n.哲学】 According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was "so much importance attached to intellectual pursuits". 据权威美国哲学史记载，在殖民时期的美洲，没有任何其他地区“如此重视文化爱好”。
philosophical
adj.哲学（上）的；豁达的，达观的
【adj.哲学（上）的】 Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test? [A] Answering philosophical questions. [B] Folding or cutting paper into different shapes. [C] Telling the difference between certain concepts. [D] Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones. 下列哪一项可能出现在智力测试中？ [A]回答哲学问题。 [B]把纸折成或剪成不同的形状。 [C]辨别某些概念之间的不同之处。 [D]选择与给定内容相似的单词或图表。
【拓展】 phil- = big love philharmonic philanthropy
53、privilege ☆☆☆
n.特权；优待 v.给予……特权；特别优待
【n.特权】 Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today—embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. 虽然他们声称自己象征着国家统一，但其历史本身——有时是其现今行为方式——代表了过时且不可撼动的特权和不平等。
形近词
privileged
adj.享有特权的；特殊的
【adj.享有特权的】 Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people. 进步主义者往往支持将多元化指令作为实现平等和公平竞争的途径。但这种政策往往是一种不真诚的美德信号形式，因其只对最有特权的人有利，而对普通人没有帮助。
54、psychology ☆☆☆
n.心理学；心理
【拓展】 psychologist 心理学家 psychological
55、orchestra ☆☆☆
n.管弦乐队；（剧院或音乐厅的）正厅前排座位
【n.管弦乐队】 If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America's oldest orchestra and the new audience it hopes to attract. 如果吉尔伯特和他的爱乐乐团要成功，就必须先改变美国历史最悠久的管弦乐队（纽约爱乐乐团）与它想吸引的新观众之间的关系。
56、label ☆☆☆
v.贴标签于……：标志；把……称为 n.标签；标示；标记；称号；外号；商标
【n.商标】 In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. 在过去的十年左右，科技的进步使面向大众的品牌能更迅速地对潮流做出反应，并且能更加准确地预测市场需求。
同义词
tag
n.标签
近义词
brand
n.品牌
By offering on-trend items at dirtcheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace. 克莱因认为，这些品牌通过提供廉价而入时的商品，已经控制了时尚流行的周期，撼动了这一长久以来习惯以季节为步调的行业。
designate
v.标示；把……定名为；称呼；指定
It is the first worldwide epidemic designated by the World Health Organization in 41 years.
57、puzzle ☆☆☆
v.（使）困惑；（使）为难 n.难题；谜；令人困惑的事物
【v.（使）困惑】 The story of John Dane shows that less well-educated New Englanders were often ___. [A] influenced by superstitions [B] troubled with religious beliefs [C] puzzled by church sermons [D] frustrated with family earnings 约翰·戴恩的故事告诉我们，那些没有接受过良好教育的新英格兰人经常___。 [A]受到迷信的影响 [B]受到宗教信仰的困扰 [C]对教会的布道感到迷惑不解 [D]为家庭收入感到沮丧
形近词
puzzlement
n.迷惑；困惑；谜；费解
puzzled
adj.困惑的；茫然的
Regarding Gilbert's role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels ___. [A] doubtful [B] enthusiastic [C] confident [D] puzzled 对于吉尔伯特在复兴爱乐乐团中所起的作用，作者持___态度。 [A]怀疑的 [B]热情的 [C]自信的 [D]困惑的
同义词
confuse
v.使困惑
58、disaster ☆☆☆
n.灾难，灾祸
The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. 英国福利制度的原则已经不再是为防失业风险而给自己投保，从而在灾难发生时无条件地领取救济金了。
形近词
catastrophe
n.大灾难；横祸
59、whereas ☆☆☆
conj.而，却；反之；鉴于
【conj.而，却】 The legal issues in the case are obscure: whereas the Supreme Court has ruled that states do have some regulatory authority over nuclear power, legal scholars say that Vermont case will offer a precedent-setting test of how far those powers extend. 该案件中的法律问题晦涩难懂：虽然最高法院裁定各州对核能确实有一定的管理权，但法律学者称佛蒙特案将为检验这些权力能够延伸至什么程度提供一个先例。
形近词
elsewhere
adv.在别处；去别处
【adv.在别处】 Entergy's business elsewhere might be affected. 安特吉公司在其他地方的业务也许会受到波及。
60、illusion ☆☆☆
n.错觉；幻想；假象
形近词
illustrate
v.表明；(用例子、故事或图表）说明
【v.说明（用例子、故事或图表）】 Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example to illustrate the change of height of NBA players. 引用威尔特·张伯伦的例子是为了说明NBA球员的身高变化。
61、crucial ☆☆☆
adj.至关重要的；关键性的
【adj.至关重要的】 At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado. But acknowledging fire's inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says. 然而，人们仍旧把火灾视为需要全面控制且唯有必要方可释放的事件，科罗拉多大学鲍尔奇教授说。但是，承认火灾在人类生活中必然存在这一态度对于形成确保火灾尽可能安全的法律、政策、惯例至关重要，她说。 【Why did you unlease all of your fuel on me?
同义词
essential
adj.绝对必要的；至关重要的； 基本的；本质的；根本的 n.必需品；不可或缺之物
【adj.至关重要的】 ☛ It's true that high-school coding classes aren't essential for learning computer science in college. 诚然，高中编码课程对于大学计算机科学的学习并非必不可少。 ☛ Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers' lives, and it's essential to making new products commercially viable. 养成积极习惯是改善消费者生活的重要部分，它也对使新产品具有商业可行性至关重要。
key
adj.关键的；主要的
significant
adj.重要的； 有意义的
decisive
adj.决定性的
近义词
overriding
adj.最重要的；高于一切的
62、marine ☆☆☆
adj.海洋的；海产的；海运的；海事的 n.水兵；海军陆战队士兵