导图社区 5500-Unit 6
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5500-Unit 6
朱伟老师5500真题词汇，星星数为重要程度，82个主词及其衍生的形近词、词组、同义词、近义词、反义词等；还有例句辅助理解记忆；拓展部分为老师讲解延伸内容。祝大家都能顺利上岸哦！
编辑于2022-07-25 10:52:07
- 临江仙人物关系图
追剧《临江仙》是不是被复杂的人物关系绕晕啦？别怕，这张人物关系图来拯救你，带你轻松理清人物脉络，沉浸式追剧.
- 365天艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线学习计划表
"高效学习必备！艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线学习计划表帮你科学对抗遗忘。表格包含365天序号追踪，每日学习时间、内容记录，以及5分钟、30分钟、12小时的短期记忆复习周期和长期复习周期，按1天、2天、4天、7天、15天、1个月、3个月、6个月的关键间隔重复强化记忆，打钩标记完成进度。结构化设计让知识牢固扎根，适合长期备考或技能提升。"
- 艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线-计划表（专业课）【40天】
"40天高效攻克考研专业课！基于艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线的科学计划表，帮你稳扎稳打对抗遗忘。表格包含40天的详细复习周期，清晰规划每日任务。只需按日期填写并严格执行，记忆留存率翻倍！告别盲目复习，用数据化工具冲刺高分。"
5500-Unit 6
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- 临江仙人物关系图
追剧《临江仙》是不是被复杂的人物关系绕晕啦？别怕，这张人物关系图来拯救你，带你轻松理清人物脉络，沉浸式追剧.
- 365天艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线学习计划表
"高效学习必备！艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线学习计划表帮你科学对抗遗忘。表格包含365天序号追踪，每日学习时间、内容记录，以及5分钟、30分钟、12小时的短期记忆复习周期和长期复习周期，按1天、2天、4天、7天、15天、1个月、3个月、6个月的关键间隔重复强化记忆，打钩标记完成进度。结构化设计让知识牢固扎根，适合长期备考或技能提升。"
- 艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线-计划表（专业课）【40天】
"40天高效攻克考研专业课！基于艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线的科学计划表，帮你稳扎稳打对抗遗忘。表格包含40天的详细复习周期，清晰规划每日任务。只需按日期填写并严格执行，记忆留存率翻倍！告别盲目复习，用数据化工具冲刺高分。"
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5500-Unit 6
1、routine ☆☆☆
n.日常事务；例行公事；惯例；常规 adj.常规的；例行的
【n.惯例；常规】 ☛ Most importantly, it constantly modifies and enhances the games you play to build on the strengths you are developing—much like an effective exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use. 最重要的是，它会不断地调整并加强训练内容，以增强你正在训练的能力——这和一项有效的日常锻炼要求你增强耐力并改变对肌肉的使用很像。 ☛ We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine.
【adj.日常的】 Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in every-day performance of his routine duties—he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. 像其他人一样，科学家即使在行使日常职责时也会遇到道德问题——他不应该篡改实验，编造证据，或修改报告。
形近词
routinely
adv.例行地； 通常地
【adv.例行地；通常地】 Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance —as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation. 如今，教授们通常会把进步的历史观和渐进的公共政策当作正统的研究对象，而将传统或古典的自由主义理念（比如自由市场或自力更生）描述为不合常规，有时甚至是不合常理的学术研究。
词组
circular bus route
循环公交路线
2、prove ☆☆☆
v.证明，证实；结果是；证明是；检验；考验；鉴定
形近词
improve
v.提高，提升；改善；增进
词组
proverb
n. 谚语
【n.谚语】 Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey? [A] "Faith will move mountains." [B] One reaps what one sows." [C] Practice makes perfect. [D] "Like father, like son." 以下哪条谚语最接近文章试图表达的主旨？ [A]“精诚所至，金石为开。” [B]“种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。” [C]“熟能生巧。” [D]“有其父必有其子。”
同义词
show
v.说明；表明；表现出 n.（电视或广播）节目，秀
【n.（电视或广播）节目，秀】 In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn't affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant's sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment. 在2006年电影版的《穿普拉达的女王》中，梅丽尔·斯特里普饰演的米兰达·普利斯特利斥责她那没有魅力的助手，因为这位助手认为高端时尚与她无关。普利斯特利解释了助手身上那件深蓝色毛衣这些年来是如何从时装展降格到百货店，再沦落到打折区的。毫无疑问，这个可怜的姑娘就是在打折区买到这件衣服的。
【拓展】 The most important form of beauty is inside out, not outside in. ☛ Crying helps me slow down and obsess over the weight of life's problem. 哭泣能让我缓下来，更好地感受生命难题的重量。
近义词
confirm
v.证实；证明；确认
3、emotion ☆☆☆
n.情绪，情感
形近词
emotional
adj.表现强烈情感的；情绪激动的；情感上的；情绪上的
【adj.情感上的】 Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of physical feedback that improve an individual's emotional state. 而且，笑的行为确实会引发改善个人情绪状态的其他类型的身体反馈。
同义词
sentiment
n.观点；意见；看法；情绪；多愁善感
近义词
temper
n.性情；脾气；特征
mood
n.心情；语气；气氛
【n.心情】 Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that "the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight. 尽管日复一日的育儿经历难熬得让人崩溃，西尼尔写道：“正是眼前让我们情绪低落的事物，日后会成为我们极度满足和快乐的源泉。”
disposition
n.性情； 性格
4、external ☆☆☆
adj.外部的；外面的；外来的
【adj.外部的，外面的】 ☛ Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement; you don't get" success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter. 你做出了成就是因为你本身体现着外部成就；你不是“取得”了成功，而是变成了成功。思维和物质并不割裂。 ☛ At first glance this might seem like a strength that grant the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by external factors. 乍一看，这或许像是种优势：赋予了人们做出不受外界因素影响的决定的能力。
反义词
internal
adj.国内的；内部的
5、acknowledge ☆☆☆
v.承认；致谢；报偿；告知已收到
【v.承认】 Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students' educational experiences, many first-generation students lack insight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students "like them" can improve. 由于美国高校很少承认社会阶层能够影响学生的教育体验，所以很多第一代大学生不明白他们为何挣扎，也不知道“像他们一样的”学生如何才能进步。
形近词
knowledge
n.知识；学问；知道；认识；了解
【n.知识】 Their thesis—that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact-—was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. 他们的论题——较小的干预便能产生很大的影响——是基于这样一种观点：第一代大学生最欠缺的可能并不是潜力，而是关于“如何应对摆在大多数高校学生面前的各种问题”的实用知识。
knowledgeable
adj. 知识渊博的；有知识的； 有见识的；聪明的
【拓展】 erudite a.知识渊博的；博学的（out rude) informed 八面玲珑的
【adj.知识渊博的；有知识的】 People are absorbed into "a culture of consumption" launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered "vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite" these were stores "anyone could enter, regardless of class or background." 人们被一种由19世纪的百货商场掀起的“消费文化”所同化，这些商店“在体面的环境中供应琳琅满目的商品”。这些不是迎合知识精英的私密商店，而是不论阶级或背景，任何人都可以进入的百货商店。
6、colony ☆☆☆
n.殖民地；（某一类人的）聚居地；聚居区
【n.殖民地】 By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. 到1830年，前西班牙和葡萄牙所属的殖民地都已成为独立国家。
形近词
colonial
adj.殖民地的；殖民主义的；（建筑或家具） 具有英属殖民地时期特色的；美洲殖民地时期的
【adj.殖民地的；殖民主义的】 According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was "so much importance attached to intellectual pursuits. 据权威美国哲学史记载，在殖民时期的美洲，没有任何其他地区“如此重视文化爱好”。
7、dependent ☆☆☆
adj.依靠的；依赖的，取决（于……）的，有赖（于……）的 n.（子女等）受抚养者：受供养者
【n.（子女等）受抚养者】 While few craftsmen or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, it is obvious that their views were less fully intellectualized. 虽然极少有工匠或农民（更不必说靠他们养活的家人及仆人）给我们留下一些文学作品以供分析，但显然他们的观点并不具有太多的知识性。
形近词
independent
adj.独立自主的；不受约束的 n.中立派；无党派者
【adj.独立自主的】 America's new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. 美国收购不良资产的新计划将不会起作用，除非银行把资产售价定到足够吸引买家的水平。成功的市场需要独立的甚至好斗的标准制定者。
同义词
reliant
adj.依靠的；信赖的
8、host ☆☆☆
v主持（节目、活动等）；主办（活动）；作为主人组织 n.主人；大量；许多；节目主持人
【n.大量，许多】 Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of examples of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. 普利策奖的获得者罗森伯格列举了许多正在进行中的社会治疗实例：在南卡罗来纳州，一个由州政府赞助、名为“怒对烟雾”的反对吸烟活动意在让吸烟变得不再时髦。
形近词
ghost
n.鬼；幽灵 v.为人代笔，替人代笔
【拓展】 scapegoat 替罪羊
形近词
hostile
adj.敌对的；怀有敌意的；敌方的；强烈反对的
hostility
n.敌意；敌对行为；强烈的反对
【n.强烈的反对】 The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility from special interests. 美国的财务会计准则委员会（FASB）和国际会计准则委员会（IASB）一直是如此，例如他们不顾特殊利益集团的强烈反对，整顿了有关股票期权和养老金的准则。
【n.敌意】 All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession—with the possible exception of journalism. 在全世界，律师所招致的敌意比任何其他的职业都多——新闻业可能除外。
hostage
n.人质；抵押品
【n.抵押品】 Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. 这种劫持媒体与赢得媒体正好相反：某项资产或宣传活动会成为对某个品牌或产品发表负面评论的消费者、其他利益相关者或激进分子的“人质”。
9、pursue ☆☆☆
v.实行；执行；寻求；追求；追赶；追查
【v.寻求；追求】 Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving "to pursue my goal of running a company." 他并没有用常见的含糊理由来掩饰自己的离开，而是直截了当地说他离开是“为了追求自己经营一家公司的目标”。
形近词
pursuit
n.追求；寻求；追赶
【拓展】 sue sb. for ... suit n. lawsuit v. It suits me well. fitting room 试衣间 fit v. You are not fit to be a mother. ☛ Marilyn Manson– "The Gardener" l'm not man enough to be human, but l'm trying to fit in, and l'm learning to fake it.
10、highly ☆☆☆
adv.极其，非常；高标准地，高级地；钦佩地，赞赏地
【adv.极其，非常】 Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. 他们的研究得出一个相当惊人的结论：我们通常称为“天赋”的特征被远远高估了。
同义词
extremely
adv.极端地； 非常
exceedingly
adv.非常； 极其
11、ambiguous ☆☆☆
adj.模棱两可的
【adj.模棱两可的】 But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route. 但是在日常的科学实践中，科学发现往往遵循着一条模糊而复杂的道路。
【拓展】 ambiguity ambiguousness
形近词
unambiguous
adj.明确的；不含糊的
同义词
obscure
adj.朦胧的 [僻] 通常指因内容烦琐晦涩的，费解的，难懂的 v.遮掩；遮蔽；使模糊不清
【v.使模糊不清】 Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate. 但其报告掩盖了国会要求它阐明的挑战的深度和广度，因此极有可能阻碍改革。
opaque
adj.不透明的；费解的
近义词
vague
adj.模糊的；含糊的
【adj.含糊的】 ☛ Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving "to pursue my goal of running a company." 他并没有用常见的含糊理由来掩饰自己的离开，而是直截了当地说他离开是“为了追求自己经营一家公司的目标”。 ☛ A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations. 动荡不安的商业环境也使得高层管理者小心行事，以免让含糊的声明损毁自己的声誉。
12、clothe ☆☆☆
v.为……提供衣服，赋予，覆盖
形近词
clothes
n.衣服；服装
【n.衣服】 Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes—and beautifully. 在《过度着装》一书临近结尾处，克莱因介绍了她的典范——一位来自布鲁克林的名叫萨拉·凯特·博蒙特的女士。2008年以来，萨拉的每一件衣服都由自己制作，而且做得非常漂亮。
cloth
n.布；桌布 a.布制的
clothing
n.服装
13、military ☆☆☆
adj.军用的，军事的：军队的
词组
military intelligence
军事情报
同义词
armed
adj.武装的；使用武器的
14、return ☆☆☆
v.返回；回来；归来；回答 n.回报；利润；收益
形近词
returning
adj.回来的； 返回的
形近词
overturn
v.(使）翻转；推翻；撤销（判决）；颠覆 n.翻转；打翻；颠覆；废除
【v.推翻（此处为overturn的过去分词作定语）】 On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately "occupied the field" and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal's privileged powers. 在被否决的条款中，大多数人认为国会故意“占领该领域”，亚利桑那州因此侵犯了联邦政府的执法优先权。
词组
in return for
作为对……的回报
15、remind ☆☆☆
v.提醒；使想起
形近词
reminder
n.暗示；提醒的人/物；催单
词组
remind sb.of...
提醒（某人）；使（某人）想起
16、norm ☆☆☆
n.标准；规范；行为准则；通例；常规
【n.标准；规范】 John Donahue at Harvard's Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers. 哈佛大学肯尼迪学院的约翰·唐纳修指出，西方行政部门的文化规范适合那些只想待在原地的人，但对那些成绩卓越的人不利。
17、recipient ☆☆☆
n.接受者；受方
形近词
recipe
n.食谱；配方
A recipe is a list of ingredients and a set of instructions that tell you how to cook something.
18、net ☆☆☆
n.网；网状物；因特网 v.用网捕；使落网 adj.净数的；纯的
【n.网；网状物】 As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. 随着经济复苏的迹象开始显现，二把手们可能更愿意在没有找到下家的情况下跳槽。
形近词
network
n.网状物；广播网；（人或机构组成的）网络
【n.（人或机构组成的）网络】 ☛ Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them. 比如，社交网络用户正在认识到他们可以通过劫持媒介来向最初创立这些网络的企业施加压力。 ☛ An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits—as well as negative ones—spread through networks of friends via social communication. 大量新兴研究表明，好的以及坏的健康习惯都会通过社会交往在朋友圈中传播。
【拓展】 momentum gain one's momentum 抓住发展势头/机遇
intranet
n.内联网；企业内部网
Internet-based
adj.基于互联网的
It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. 过了一年之后，她才成为一家基于互联网的小型商品交易所的负责人。
19、commerce ☆☆☆
n.商业；贸易
形近词
commercialized
adj.商业化的
commercial
adj.商业的；商务的 n.（电台或电视播放的）广告
【n.（电台或电视播放的）广告】 While traditional "paid" media—such as television commercials and print advertisements—still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. 虽然电视广告和印刷品广告等传统“付费”媒体仍然扮演着重要角色，但企业如今还可以开发许多其他形式的媒介。
e-commerce
n.电子商务
【n.电子商务】 Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need. 大多数主要零售商已经尝试过电子商务，但是成果有限，也尝试了海外扩张。但是，几乎所有人都忽略了自家后院里的巨大商机，那就是食品饮料批发生意，这似乎正是零售商所需要的市场。
20、guarantee ☆☆☆
n.保证；担保 v.保证
【n.保证】 If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on advertising, it has chosen an indirect method: there is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm. 如果微软试图让几乎全靠广告业务的谷歌不好过，那它选择的方法可不够直接：谁都无法保证“禁止追踪”的默认设置将成为行业规范。
形近词
guaranteed
adj.有保证的；有人担保的
【adj.有保证的】 For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. 在去年的大部分时间里，布什总统领导了将社会保障制度体系变成储蓄账户模式的改革运动，把退休人员大部分或全部有保障的收入变成了依赖于投资回报的收入。
同义词
pledge
n.保证；誓言；诺言 v.保证；许诺；保证给予；用……抵押
【拓展】 take an oath on
【v.保证；许诺】 Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the company has applied for federal permission to keep it open for another 20 years. 在承诺安全运营“朝圣者”核电厂的前提下，该公司已经向联邦机构提出了再经营20年的申请。
21、familiar ☆☆☆
adj.熟悉的；通晓的；过分亲昵的
【拓展】 多年来，我们最熟悉的是拥抱自己的同类。完全不了解如果拥抱‘变化’应该从哪儿下手。最后，我们选择了拥抱呼吁我们‘拥抱变化’的人。这无可厚非，但也充满风险。没有人可以给你未来，你只能通过努力学习过去，来读懂现在，进而预测未来。 ☛ Hitherto, falling into the same people by groups is the most familiar way for our mankind to build the sense of security, without knowing how to cope with change. Finally, we choose to embrace those people who inspire us to change. It sounds like no problem only if the risk is barely considered. The truth is nobody can give you the future. The dots between now and forever can only be connected by looking backwards. ☛ Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something - your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life. (Steve Jobs)
形近词
unfamiliar
adj.不熟悉的；不常见的
词组
be familiar with
熟悉
be proficient in
熟练；精通
be adept at
擅长；精于
【拓展】 have a great mastery of
近义词
intimate
adj.亲密的；亲近的；私下的；个人的 v.暗示；提示
22、radical ☆☆☆
adj.基本的；重要的；根本的；彻底的；激进的；极端的
形近词
radically
adv.根本地；彻底地；完全地； 激进地；极端地
【adv.根本地；彻底地】 The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radically higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living. 一家研究机构的发现一直表明，所有国家的工人都可以通过在职培训，从根本上实现更高的生产效率，从而在根本上达到更高的生活水平。
23、specialize ☆☆☆
v.专攻；专门研究；专门从事；专门经营
【v.专攻；专门研究；专门从事】 Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. 早在他去世前的很长一段时间，新闻业的品位就已经发生了变化。后现代的读者们几乎不再喜欢他所擅长的辞藻华丽的维多利亚一爱德华时期风格的散文。 The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. 【Vicwardian: Victorian&Edwardian, 维多利亚女王及爱德华七世时期 upholster = embellish / ornament / adorn holster手枪皮套
词组
specialize in
专攻；精通
24、rear ☆☆☆
v.抚养，培养；栽种，培植；饲养；竖起，举起；高耸 adj.后方的，后部的；背后的 n.后部，尾部
【拓展】 rear a child cultivate nourish 滋养 nourishment nurture 培养 nutrition 营养，补品 raise an elder
at the rear of 在···后部 bring up the rear 殿后
形近词
rearing
n.培养，抚养
【n.培养，抚养】 It's no surprise that Jennifer Senior's insightful, provocative magazine cover story, "I Love My Children, I Hate My Life," is arousing much chatter—nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. 詹妮弗·西尼尔撰写的见解独到并富于煽动性的杂志封面故事《我爱我的孩子们，我讨厌我的生活》引起人们的热议，这不足为奇。文中认为养孩子绝不是一件完全令人有成就感并充实人生的体验，没有什么比这更能引发人们的讨论了。
形近词
reap
v.收割；收获，获得；取得
【v.收获，获得】 One reaps what one sows.
25、inherit ☆☆☆
[ɪn'herɪt]v.继承（金钱或财产）；经遗传获得（特征、特质等）
【v.经遗传获得（特征、特质等）】 Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father's line or mitochondrial DNA, which is passed down only from mothers. 然而大多数的血统检测只考察一个单一血统，要么是通过同一父系男性遗传下来的Y染色体，要么是只能从母亲那里遗传下来的线粒体DNA。
形近词
inherent
adj.固有的；内在的；生来就有的
【adj.内在的】 Ryan's comments suggest that the practice of standard testing ___. [A] prevents new habits from being formed [B] no longer emphasizes commonness [C] maintains the inherent American thinking mode [D] complies with the American belief system 瑞安的评论表明，标准化测试的推行___。 [A]阻碍了新习惯的形成 [B]不再强调平庸 [C]保持了美国人固有的思维方式 [D]与美国人的信仰体系一致 【innate --反--acquired heir / successor heredity 遗传特性
26、numerous ☆☆☆
adj.众多的；许多的
【adj.众多的；许多的】 This scale took numerous factors into consideration. 这个量表涵盖了很多需要考虑的因素。 【the first-hand account 第一手的新闻报道
形近词
numerical
adj.数字的；用数字表示的；数值的
27、inevitable ☆☆☆
adj.不可避免的；必然发生的
But the Nobel Foundation's limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. 但是，诺贝尔基金会限制每个奖项最多只能有三个获奖人，且每个人都必须在世。然而，现代研究是合作式的，因此这项规定早就显得不合时宜了。例如，当认可希格斯玻色子的发现成果时，就不可避免地会引发争论：到底哪位科学家被忽视了。
同义词
unavoidable
adj.不可避免的
28、privacy ☆☆☆
n.隐私；独处；清静
【n.隐私】 Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, blogged: "we believe consumers should have more control.” 微软首席隐私官布兰登·林奇在他的博客中说：“我们认为消费者应该有更多的控制权。”
29、native ☆☆☆
adj.本地的；本国的；（能力或品质）生来就有的 n.本地人；本国人
【adj.本地的】 In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason. 在林业生态更为发达的欧洲，那些没有商业价值的树种被看作当地森林群落的成员，并得到相应的保护，这也是合理的。 【ecocide 生态灭绝
形近词
alternative
adj.可供选择的；可替代的 n.可供选择的事物
【n.可供选择的事物】 They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative. 他们往往会把钱包捂得更紧，并且把在家就餐看作一种切合实际的选择。
【adj.可供选择的】 While traditional "paid" media—such as television commercials and print advertisements—still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. 虽然电视广告和印刷品广告等传统“付费”媒体仍然扮演着重要角色，但企业如今还可以开发许多其他形式的媒介。
形近词
alternatively
adv.要不然；或者
【拓展】 alternate n./v./a. 交替 an alternate commissioner 候补委员 alternate blur and red stripes 蓝红相间的条纹 The neighborhood service runs on alternate days，社区服务是隔天进行的，
30、insist ☆☆☆
v.坚持；强调；坚决要求；坚决认为
【v.坚持】 And that's the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends. 那就是源自外界的社会治疗所面临的问题：在现实世界中，正如在学校，我们都坚持选择自己的朋友。
形近词
insistence
n.坚持；强调
【n.坚持】 One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. 设计和讲授这些课程之所以困难的一个原因是它们与美国顶尖大学一贯坚持的原则相抵触，这一原则主张人文教育和专业教育应该分开，并由不同的学院授课。
词组
consist in
存在于……中
consist of
由……组成；包括
同义词
persist
v.坚持；保持
近义词
persevere
v.坚持不懈
近义词
uphold
v.支持；维持
31、capable ☆☆☆
adj.有能力的；能够……的
【adj.能够……的】 Gilbert's own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into "a markedly different, more vibrant organization." 吉尔伯特个人对新曲目的兴趣已受到了人们的广泛关注。古典音乐评论家亚历克斯·罗斯这样描述他：吉尔伯特能够把爱乐乐团变成一个“明显不同的、更加有活力的组织”。
32、justify ☆☆☆
v.证明……是正当的；认为有理
【v.认为有理（此处为justify的过去分词作定语）】 The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations. 这家公司是新英格兰地区一家主要的能源供应商。当它上周宣布将违背“严格遵守核能法规”这一长期承诺时，在佛蒙特激起了无可厚非的震怒。
近义词
testify
v.证实； 证明
verify
v.核实； 证明
【v.核实】 However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement. 然而，法官们说，将允许亚利桑那州警方在执法过程中查验相关人员身份的合法性。
confirm
v.确认；证实
affirm
v.证实；确认
33、extreme ☆☆☆
n.极端；极度（状态） adj.极度的；极端的；末端的；尽头的
形近词
extremely
adv.极端地； 很；非常地
同义词
ultimate
adj.极端的；极度的；最后的；最好（或坏、重要等）的
utmost
adj.极度的；最大的
radical
adj.根本的；彻底的；激进的
34、peak ☆☆☆
n.山顶；最高点；峰，山峰 adj.高峰的；最高的 v.达到顶点
【n.最高点】 At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. 这座城市在公元600年达到鼎盛，当时它是世界上最大的人类聚集地之一。
同义词
paramount
adj.至高无上的；最重要的
summit
n.顶点；山顶；峰会
climax
n.顶点；高潮
35、integrate ☆☆☆
v.（使）成为一体；（使）结合；（使）合并；（使）融入
形近词
integration
n.结合；整合；一体化；混合；融合
integrated
adj. 整体的； 完全的；连成一体的；相互协调的
【adj.互相协调的】 Supporters of the theory viewed culture as a collection of integrated parts that work together to keep a society functioning. 该理论的支持者将文化视为互相协调的各部分的集合，这些部分共同协作，以保持社会正常运作。
disintegrate
v.(使）破裂；（使）崩溃；（使）瓦解；（使）解体
【拓展】 decompose dilute
词组
integrate with
与……结合在一起
36、novel ☆☆☆
n.长篇小说 adj.新奇的；新颖的
【adj.新奇的】 Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated. 有时，真正新奇的科学发现被人接受和领会需要很多年。
形近词
novelty
n.新奇性；新颖； 新奇的事物
37、endeavor ☆☆☆
n.（尤指新的或创造性事物的）努力；尝试 v.努力；尽力
【n.（尤指新的或创造性事物的）努力；尝试】 But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor. 但后果不止于此。这表明，到目前为止科学尝试中的一个关键因素发生了变化。
词组
strive for
奋斗；力争
同义词
essay
v.尝试；企图
38、orient ☆☆☆
v.使朝向；确定方位；使熟悉，使适应 n.(the Orient)东方 adj.东方的
形近词
oriented
adj.导向的；以……为方向的
39、dim ☆☆☆
adj.（光线）昏暗的；暗淡的；（地方）昏暗的，阴暗的
【adj.（光线）昏暗的，暗淡的】 This suggests that dimmer bulbs burn longer, that there is an advantage in not being too bright. 这表明暗一些的灯泡可以发光更久，也表明不太过明亮是有好处的。
40、option ☆☆☆
n.选择；选择权；（供）选择的事物（或人）；选修课
【n.（供）选择的事物（或人）】 In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track" (DNT) option to internet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed. 2010年12月，美国联邦贸易委员会（FTC）提议在互联网浏览器上增加“禁止追踪”（DNT）选项，如此一来，用户就可以告诉广告商，他们不想被追踪。
形近词
optional
adj.可选择的；非强制的
形近词
opportunity
n.机会； 时机
【n.机会】 As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders. 随着经济的复苏，胸怀抱负的领导们将面临很多机会。
形近词
exception
n.例外； 除外
【n.例外；除外】 All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession—with the possible exception of journalism. 在全世界，律师所招致的敌意比任何其他的职业都多——新闻业可能除外。 【be malicious/hostile to 对···有敌意 malice n.--反--hospitality 热情，好客
41、previous ☆☆☆
adj.早先的；以前的
形近词
previously
adv.以前； 先前
同义词
primary
adj.首要的；主要的；最早的；原始的
近义词
primitive
adj.原始的；发展水平低的
prior
adj.在先的； 占先的
【adj.在先的】 Prior knowledge and interest influence what we experience, what we think our experiences mean, and the subsequent actions we take. 先前的知识和兴趣会影响我们的体验，以及我们对自身体验的解读，也会影响我们接下来的行为。
42、clue ☆☆☆
n.线索，暗示
【n.线索】 Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best. 另外，发现孩子一直以来的兴趣所在，因为这些兴趣提供了发现最适合他们的职业的线索。
43、recruit ☆☆☆
n.新兵；新手；新成员 v.招收；招募；征召；雇用
【v.雇用】 Rosenberg holds that public-health advocates should ___. [A] recruit professional advertisers [B] learn from advertisers' experience [C] stay away from commercial advertisers [D] recognize the limitations of advertisements 罗森伯格认为公共健康倡导者应该___。 [A]招募职业广告人 [B]学习广告人的经验 [C]远离商业广告人 [D]认识到广告的局限
44、expense ☆☆☆
n.花费；消费；消耗
形近词
expansion
n.扩大；发展；扩张；扩充
【n.扩大；发展】 The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs. 这份报告还提倡加大对外语和国际事务的研究力度，扩展留学项目的规模。
同义词
cost
n.花费；费用
outlay
n.花费；费用
expenditure
n.花费； 支出
45、modify ☆☆☆
v.更改；修改；改造；修饰
形近词
mode
n.方式；方法；(艺术、着装等的）风格； （照相机、电子设备的）模式；状态
【n.方式；方法】 The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. 目前对标准化测试的重视就是强调分析和流程，这意味着我们中很少有人会本能地使用创新和协作的思维方式。
形近词
modification
n.修改：改进；改变
【n.改进】 Which of the following plays a key role in body growth according to the text? [A] Genetic modification. [B] Natural environment. [C] Living standards. [D] Daily exercise. 根据文章所述，下面哪项在身体成长过程中起到了关键作用？ [A]基因改良。 [B]自然环境。 [C]生活水平。 [D]日常运动。
【n.修改】 Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers. 不足为奇的是，那些新发表的发现声明和那些看上去重要又令人信服的可靠科学发现都会受到未来研究者的质疑，也可能被修正和驳斥。
近义词
revise
v.改变；修正
amend
v.修改；修订
recast
v.重塑；修改
【拓展】 cast light on
46、industrial ☆☆☆
adj.工业的；产业的
【adj.工业的】 Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output. 即使在我们工业化生活的今天，除了勤俭节约的某些价值观以外，与物质产出相比，从事世界工作的人类交往形式的智力和情感反应很少受到关注。
形近词
industry
n.产业；工业；行业；勤勉
【n.行业】 The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. 铁路运输行业内的大规模合并意味着多数托运商仅由一家铁路公司服务。
industrialized
adj. 工业化的
industrialization
n.工业化
47、enable ☆☆☆
v.使能够；使成为可能；准许；许可
同义词
empower
v.使能够；授权
permit
v.许可； 准许
48、bury ☆☆☆
v.埋（葬），安葬；掩藏；隐藏；掩蔽
【拓展】 aesthetic outlook 审美要求
词组
bury one's head in the sand
现实，不愿面对现实
49、exclusive ☆☆☆
adj.专有的，独有的；独用的；独享的；排他的；高档的
【adj.专有的，独有的】 That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions. 那项裁决导致了商业方法专利申请卷宗的激增，起初是新兴的互联网公司试图宣称其对特定类型在线交易的专有权。
反义词
inclusive
adj.包括的；包容性强的，范围广的
【拓展】 inclusiveness 包容性
50、convention ☆☆☆
n.大会；会议；惯例；常规；习俗；公约；协定
【拓展】 ritualization 仪式感
【n.惯例；常规】 But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. 但是，“记者必须比普通市民更深刻地理解法律”这种观点是基于对新闻媒体的既定惯例和特殊责任的了解之上的。
形近词
conventional
adj. 常见的；惯例的； 符合习俗的；传统的
【adj.传统的】 A company may leverage "owned" media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the process of making purchase decisions means that marketing's impact stems from a broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media. 企业还可以利用“自有”媒体，通过邮件向其网站的注册用户发送产品和销售提示。如今消费者对于做出购买决定这一过程的处理方式，意味着市场营销的影响力除了来自传统付费媒介，还来自其他一些广泛的因素。
unconventional
adj.不寻常的；非传统的；不依惯例的
【adj.不寻常的；非传统的】 The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. 辞去高级职位去寻找更好的职位，这种决定是非同寻常的。多年来，经理们和猎头们都恪守这样一个原则：最有吸引力的CEO候选人是那些必须要“挖”来的人。 【adherent of Buddhism 佛教信徒
【拓展】 Convention ven = come advent adventure venture No ventures, no gains. 不入虎穴焉得虎子 joint-venture 合资企业 partnership convenient 方便的，便捷的
51、corporation ☆☆☆
n.大公司；大企业
【拓展】 Co. Ltd corporation limited LLC Limited Liability Company
形近词
corporate
adj.公司的；法人的；共同的，全体的
【adj.公司的】 During the late 1990s, national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds—including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate—varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about 15%. 20世纪90年代末，各国在社会科学和人文学科方面的支出在总研发经费（包括政府、高等教育机构、非营利组织和公司）中的比例约为4%到25%不等；在大部分欧洲国家，这一数字大约是15%。
incorporate
v.包含； 使并入；合并；使混合；使具体化，具体表现
【拓展】 make an elaborate preparation for 为···做充分准备 incorporate with 合并；混合
词组
enterprise
n.公司； 企业单位；事业单位；事业
【拓展】 entrepreneur 企业家
52、drop ☆☆☆
v.落下；下降；垂下（眼睛）；放弃；终止 n.滴；落下；微量
词组
drop by
顺道拜访
drop out
退学；退出
【退学】 Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees. 英语专业博士生中高达一半的人在获得学位之前退学，这并不奇怪。
53、eliminate ☆☆☆
v.消除；根除；淘汰
形近词
elimination
n.消除；根除；淘汰
54、exhibit ☆☆☆
v.展出，陈列；表现；显示；展示；表明
【v.显示；表现】 In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person "encodes" the information. 换句话说，无论两个人在记忆能力上会显示出怎样的先天性差异，这些差异与个人“编码”信息的能力相比都显得无足轻重。
【v.展示】 She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. 她展现出了许多支持可持续发展的人所共有的理想主义，无论在粮食还是在能源方面。
形近词
exhibition
n.展览；展览会；展示，显示
词组
expose to
暴露于
【拓展】 exposition 大型展览 arts display （小型）画展
近义词
array
n.一大批；一大群 v.布置；排列
【拓展】 an array of 一批
55、satisfy ☆☆☆
v.满足；使满意
【v.满足；使满意】 Even if a job's starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult's need for rapid content, the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move. 即便一份工作的起薪似乎太少，难以让一个刚刚成年的人立即满意，但是如果准成年人对这一变化做好准备，那从学校到工作的过渡可能就不会遇到太多的挫折。
形近词
satisfied
adj.感到满意的
【adj.感到满意的】 It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks ___. [A] are constantly exposed to criticism [B] are largely ignored by the media [C] fail to fulfill their social responsibilities [D] are less likely to be satisfied with their life 由第三段可知，无儿女的人们___。 [A]不断受到批评 [B]在很大程度上被媒体忽略 [C]未能履行他们的社会责任 [D]不太可能对自己的生活感到满意
dissatisfied
adj.不满意的；不愉快的；不高兴的
【拓展】 discontent
dissatisfaction
n.不满足；不满意；令人不满意的事物
词组
be satisfied with
对……满意
be dissatisfied with
对……不满意
近义词
fulfill
v.实现；履行（诺言等）；执行；完成；满足；使满意
【v.实现】 It is the writers'duty to fulfill journalistic goals. 实现新闻工作的目标是作家的职责。
56、lure ☆☆☆
n.诱惑力；魅力；诱饵 v.诱惑；引诱；哄骗
【拓展】 tempt v. temptation seduce lust 情欲；情色
近义词
bait
n.诱饵
57、flourish ☆☆☆
v.繁荣；兴盛；（植物或动物）长势好，茁壮成长；挥动，挥舞（以引起注意） n.（为引人注意的）夸张动作；装饰曲线；装饰图案
【拓展】 繁荣：thrive boom n./v. blossom prosper
58、wise ☆☆☆
adj.有智慧的，聪明的
☛ It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom—or at least confirm that he's the kid's dad. All he needs to do is shell out $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore—and another $120 to get the results. 再聪明的父亲也未必能认出自己的孩子，但如今男性可以提升其为人父的智慧，或者至少能确定自己就是孩子的父亲。他需要做的仅仅是花30美元在当地药店买一套亲子鉴定包（PTK），再花120美元即可获得鉴定结果。 【pharmaceutical 医学的，医药的 ☛ It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace. 对于这样的礼物，心怀感激，优雅接受才是明智之举。
形近词
otherwise
adv.否则；不同地
形近词
likewise
adv.同样地，也
European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. 欧洲各国部长立刻要求国际会计准则委员会（IASB）照做。
形近词
wisely
adv.聪明地；明智地；英明地
【adv.明智地】 The student who wrote "The A&P as a State of Mind" wisely dropped a paragraph that questioned whether Sammy displays chauvinistic attitudes toward women. 一位学生在写题为《A&P：一种心理状态》的文章时，就明智地删除了那个质疑萨米对待女士时是否有大男子主义倾向的段落。 【chauvinistic 沙文主义
近义词
prudent
adj.谨慎的；慎重的；精明的
【adj.谨慎的】 Public-sector unions are prudent in taking actions. 公共部门的工会行动谨慎。
59、pension ☆☆☆
n.养老金；退休金；抚恤金
【n.养老金】 ☛ The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility from special interests. 美国的财务会计准则委员会（FASB）和国际会计准则委员会（IASB）一直是如此，例如他们不顾特殊利益集团的强烈反对，整顿了有关股票期权和养老金的准则。 ☛ Politicians have repeatedly "backloaded" public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous. 政治家们一直在反复“变相地提高”公共部门工资协议中承诺的薪酬待遇——使薪资保持低涨幅，却增加了假期，尤其是增加了本已丰厚的养老金。
【拓展】 pensioner 老人
形近词
suspension
n.暂停；停职
近义词
grant
n.拨款；补助金
【拓展】 reasearch grant 研究经费
subsidy
n.补助金；津贴
【拓展】 sid- = sit subside 沉淀，消沉，平息 preside over a meeting 主持一场会议 president
allowance
n.津贴
60、exert ☆☆☆
v.发挥；施加（影响等）
【拓展】 施加（影响等）：implement practice 强制施加：enforce
【v.施加（影响等）】 There's no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. 毫无疑问，我们的同辈群体会对我们的行为产生巨大影响。
词组
impose sth.on
对……施加……
【拓展】 levy a fine on levy a war upon levy a heavy taxation on
61、effective ☆☆☆
adj.有效的；生效的；实际的
【adj.有效的】 Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met. Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job. Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills, such as managing time and setting priorities. 给他们分配一些家务活，并确保他们能按时完成家庭作业。鼓励青少年去做一份兼职工作。孩子需要大量的练习来延迟满足感和运用有效的组织技能，比如管理时间和分清轻重缓急。
形近词
effect
n.效果；结果；影响 v.使发生；实现
【v.实现】 Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment, Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. 尽管多家快时尚公司已经在努力控制其对劳动力和环境的影响，但克莱因认为，长期的改变只能通过消费者来实现。
effectiveness
n.效力；有效性
【n.有效性】 But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. 但就社会治疗的总体效力而言，罗森伯格就不那么有说服力了。
effectively
adv.有效地； 生效地； 实际上
【adv.有效地】 ☛ We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend, which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. 我们将这种出售媒介定义为自有媒介：拥有极大的访问量，以至于其他机构也在其网络环境中投放内容或电子商务引擎。我们认为这种趋势目前尚处于初级阶段，它实际上始于零售商和诸如航空公司、酒店等旅游供应商，而且无疑将会得到进一步发展。 ☛ To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students'ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. 为了鼓励创新和竞争，该报告呼吁加大研究投资，精心制定连贯的课程以提高21世纪学生解决问题和有效沟通的能力，增加对教师的资金投入，鼓励学者应用自己的学识来应对当今的巨大挑战。
形近词
ineffectual
n.无用的人；无一技之长者 adj.无效的，不起作用的；徒劳无益的
【拓展】 the haves 有产阶级 the have-nots the leisure class 有闲阶级 the aspirational class 有志阶级
ineffective
adj.无效的，不起作用的
【拓展】 Nobody wants to be themselves any more. Internet, social media, goddamn talent shows for assholes... Everybody wants to be someone else. Nobody is happy just to look at themselves in the mirror and see themselves. Then it means they don't have to be responsible either.
形近词
efficient
adj.效率高的；效能高的
【adj.效率高的】 Although e-money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work against the disappearance of the paper system. 尽管电子货币可能比纸币支付系统更高效，还是有诸多因素阻碍了纸币支付系统的消失。
62、distribute ☆☆☆
v.分配；散发；分发；配（电）；分销
形近词
distribution
n.分发； 分配；散布；传播；发行
【n.散布；传播】 The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. 知识的价值以及研究方面公共投资的回报在某种程度上取决于广泛的推广和便利的获取方式。
【拓展】 contribution contribution to 导致： lead to / give rise to / spell / invite / trigger tribute: pay tribute to 推崇，赞美：praise / recommend / place a high value on
词组
distribution channel
分销渠道
63、distinguish ☆☆☆
v.区分，辨别；辨认出
【v.区分，辨别】 We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education—that of direct tuition or schooling. 因而，我们可以在迄今为止一直在考虑的广义的教育过程中，区别一种更为正规的教育，即直接教学或学校教育。
形近词
distinguished
adj.著名的；卓越的；高贵的
【adj.著名的】 He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley. 他否认自己具备名人赫胥黎那样的快速理解力或智慧。 【否认：revoke renounce disclaim 大声演说：declaim
64、favor ☆☆☆
n.恩惠；帮助；同意；赞成；支持；偏爱；宠爱 v.赞成；支持；偏爱；偏袒
【n.支持】 Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences. 例如，宗教协会最初渴望获得统治势力的支持，渴望避免邪恶的影响。
形近词
favorite
adj.最喜爱的；中意的；宠爱的 n.幸运儿；喜欢的事物；特别喜欢的人
【adj.最喜爱的】 Consumers may create "earned" media when they are ___. [A] obsessed with online shopping at certain Web sites [B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them [C] eager to help their friends promote quality products [D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products 当消费者___时，他们可能会创建“赢得”媒体。 [A]沉迷于在某些网站进行网购 [B]受到发给他们的产品促销邮件的启发 [C]渴望帮助朋友宣传高质量的产品 [D]热衷于推荐他们最喜欢的产品
形近词
favorable
adj.有利的；良好的；赞成的；赞许的；讨人喜欢的
【adj.赞成的】 For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. "Hooray! At last!" wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic. 至少大部分人是赞成的。向来以严肃著称的古典音乐评论家安东尼·托马西尼写道：“太好了！终于来了！”
unfavorable
adj. 不宜的；令人不快的；不喜欢的；不顺利的
【adj.不喜欢的】 Bankers complained that they were forced to ___. [A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules [B] collect payments from third parties [C] cooperate with the price managers [D] reevaluate some of their assets 银行家们抱怨他们被迫___。 [A]遵循不利的资产评估条例 [B]从第三方收款 [C]与价格经理合作 [D]对他们一些资产进行重新评估
词组
in favor of
有利于；支持；赞同
【赞同】 But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism. 但是在20世纪初期，许多人类学家也反对文化特殊论，赞同文化传播论。 【transfuse 输血
65、immune ☆☆☆
adj.有免疫力的；不受影响的；免除的
【拓展】 immunity 免疫力 immunology 免疫学 immunologist 免疫学家 mutual benefits 共同利益
【adj.有免疫力的】 It is like immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. 它就像人体的免疫系统，在受到压力或缺乏营养、运动时会被削弱，但从未离开我们。
词组
(be) immune to
不受……影响的
66、dose ☆☆☆
n.（药物等的）一剂，一服；（尤指数量很多的）一份，一次，一点 v.给……服药
【n.一份，—次，—点】 Adding to a woman's increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased opportunities for stress. 女性分泌的压力化学物质增加，令这一情况雪上加霜的是，她们受到压力的“机会”增多了。
【拓展】 a dose of 一剂（药） a dozen of 一打（12个） doze vi.打瞌睡 paparazzi 狗仔队 Don't doze over your work.工作时不要打瞌睡。
67、index ☆☆☆
n.索引；指数；指标 v.为（书等）编索引
【拓展】 [复数] indices dice 骰子 roll the dice 主宰
【n.指标】 Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison. 根据该项法律，雇用未达到政府规定的身体质量指数的时装模特可能会导致85000美元的罚款和六个月的监禁。
68、pour ☆☆☆
v.倾倒，倒出；倾泻；（人）大量涌入；（雨）倾盆而下
【v.（雨）倾盆而下】 It never rains but it pours. 祸不单行。/屋漏偏逢连夜雨
【拓展】 The Minimal Art of English Language: ☛ Fast and Furious: I ain't having no friends. I have family. ☛ Oops- Little Mix / Charlie Puth: I'm not your first fool but I want to be your last fool. ☛ 依其言而行事，勿观其行而仿之。Ed Harcourt - Do as I say not as I do. ☛ 浮世三干，吾爱有三。日，月与卿。日为朝，月为暮，卿为朝朝暮暮。 I love three things in this world. Sun, Moon and You. Sun for morning, Moon for niglht, and You forever. ☛ 莺莺燕燕翠翠红红处处融融恰恰。 雨雨风风花花叶叶年年暮暮朝朝。 An A, a bee, a C and a D. An E, an F, a G and an H.
形近词
outpouring
n.（感情、反应等的）进发，流出；倾泻；爆发
词组
pour into
（使）大量涌入
69、master ☆☆☆
v.精通；掌握；控制 n.艺术大师；专家；能手；硕士学位；主人；雇主；老板 adj.技术熟练的
【v.精通；掌握】 Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby. 那些掌握了欧洲批发业错综复杂细节的零售商很可能会因此轻易获得丰厚的利润。 【love triangle 三角恋
形近词
masterpiece
n.杰作；代表作
【n.杰作】 According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings? [A] They are often inferior to live concerts in quality. [B] They are easily accessible to the general public. [C] They help improve the quality of music. [D] They have only covered masterpieces. 根据文章内容，下列哪一项有关音乐录音的说法是正确的？ [A]它们在质量上通常比现场音乐会差。 [B]它们容易为大众所获得。 [C]它们有助于提高音乐的品质。 [D]它们只涵盖了杰出的音乐作品。
形近词
mastery
n.精通；掌握；统治；控制
【拓展】 have great mastery of the cue ball 控球能力极强 possess complete technical mastery of the instrument
词组
be proficient in
熟练；精通
be adept at
熟练；擅长
be good at
擅长；精通
70、democratic ☆☆☆
adj.民主的；民主精神的；民主作风的
形近词
democracy
n.民主；民主制；民主国家
【n.民主；民主制】 Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. 法律是一门学科，鼓励人们进行负责任的判断。一方面，它为分析诸如公平、民主、自由等概念提供机会。
democratize
v.(使）民主化；（使）大众化
【拓展】 standardise 标准化 customize 定制化 democrazy Brexit 脱欧 referendum 全民公决 gambler 赌徒 netizen 网民 dadbod 啤酒肚 binge-watch 刷剧 ghosting/ slow fade manspreading 葛优躺 sapiosexual (Homo sapien)智控 face-obsessed 颜控 lolicon 萝莉控 unclecon 大叔控 Lebranium: LeBron + vibranium 振金
71、strengthen ☆☆☆
v.加强；巩固
What can be learned from the last paragraph? [A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress. [B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration. [C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress. [D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues. 从文章最后一段，我们可以得知什么？ [A]移民问题通常由国会决定。 [B]法官们旨在控制政府的权力。 [C]法官们想要加强与国会的合作。 [D]政府在移民事务上拥有绝对控制权。
形近词
strength
n.力量；力气； 实力；长处；优点
【n.长处；优点】 ☛ You can start this process when they are 11 or 12. Periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating. Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best. 你可以在他们11岁或12岁时开始这一过程。定期和孩子们一起反思他们表现出来的优缺点，和他们一起克服每一个缺点，比如他们在与人有效交流或合作方面存在的困难。另外，发现孩子一直以来的兴趣所在，因为这些兴趣提供了发现最适合他们的职业的线索。 ☛ At first glance this might seem like a strength that grants the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by external factors. 乍一看，这或许像是一种优势：赋予了人们做出不受外界因素影响的决定的能力。
72、promising ☆☆☆
adj.有前途的；有希望的；前景很好的
【adj.有前途的】 The idea seems promising, and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. 这一想法似乎很有希望，而且罗森伯格是一位敏锐的观察家。
形近词
prominent
adj.杰出的；著名的；突出的；引人注目的
【adj.杰出的；著名的】 Among the commission's 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism. 委员会的51位成员中，有顶尖大学的校长、学者、律师、法官、公司高管以及来自外交、电影制作、音乐和新闻领域的杰出人物。
形近词
compromise
n.妥协；让步；折中 v.妥协；让步；折中解决； 连累；危及；损害
【v.危及】 Unfortunately, banks' lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult. 很遗憾，银行的游说现在似乎开始起作用了。细节也许不可知，但标准制定者的独立性正受到损害，而他们的独立性对于资本市场的正常运转至关重要。并且，除非银行以吸引买家的价格出售不良资产，否则复苏银行系统将会非常困难。 【危及，损害：undermine devastate
73、dramatic ☆☆☆
adj.戏剧的；戏剧性的；突如其来的；急剧的；引人注目的
【adj.急剧的；戏剧性的】 The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. 同样是这些重大的技术变革为营销人员提供了更多的（和更多样的）传播渠道选择，但同时也增加了风险，因为充满激情的消费者会以更迅速、更明显和更具破坏性的方式来表达他们的意见。
【拓展】 All that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.
形近词
dramatize
v.使戏剧化；改编成剧本；使引人注目
dramatically
adv.引人注目地；戏剧地；急剧地
74、intense ☆☆☆
adj.强烈的；剧烈的；紧张的；激烈的
【adj.强烈的】 Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that "the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight." 尽管日复一日的育儿经历难熬得让人崩溃，西尼尔写道：“正是眼前让我们情绪低落的事物，日后会成为我们极度满足和快乐的源泉。”
形近词
intensive
adj.密集的；加强的；集中的
75、release ☆☆☆
v.释放；解放；发表；发布；发行 n.发表；发布
【n.发布】 Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. 资金周转更快意味着库存浪费减少，新品上市更频繁，利润更大。
同义词
publish
v.出版；发行
【v.出版；发行】 Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers. 不足为奇的是，那些新发表的发现声明和那些看上去重要又令人信服的可靠科学发现都会受到未来研究者的质疑，也可能被修正和驳斥。
deliver
v.发表；递送
announce
v.宣布；述说
76、verbal ☆☆☆
adj.文字的；词语的；言语的； 用文字表达的；口头的；动词的
【adj.言语的；口头的】 Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. 斯滕伯格指出，传统的测试最佳地评估了分析能力和语言能力，但不能评估创造力和实际知识，而这些也是解决问题和在生活中取得成功的关键因素。
形近词
nonverbal
adj.非语言的；非文字的；不使用语言的
77、trait ☆☆☆
n.特征；特点；特性
【n.特征】 Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. 他们的研究得出一个相当惊人的结论：我们通常称为“天赋”的特征被远远高估了。
同义词
attribute
n.属性
feature
n.特征；特点
【拓展】 具备···特征；特点是：be featured as / be characterized by
peculiarity
n.特性
【拓展】 be peculiar to 特有的
characteristic
n.特征；特色
【拓展】 weird weirness odd at odds = agains the grain 格格不入
78、comply ☆☆☆
v.服从；遵守
【v.服从，遵守】 After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. 毕竟，它（微软）也有广告生意，且声称广告生意会遵守“禁止追踪”的要求，尽管它仍在研究如何实现。
形近词
complicate
v.使难以理解；使复杂化
complicated
adj.复杂的；难懂的；难处理的
【adj.复杂的】 But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route. 但是在日常的科学实践中，科学发现往往遵循着一条模糊而复杂的道路。
79、recommend ☆☆☆
v.劝告；建议；推荐；介绍
形近词
recommendation
n.推荐；推荐信；建议；意见书
词组
commend
v.推荐；表扬
【拓展】 commend sb. for / commend sth. commence v.开始着手做某事 commence sth. commence talks 开启会谈 commence doing
80、appropriate ☆☆☆
v.占用；私占；挪用 adj.适当的；适合的
形近词
inappropriate
adj.不适当的；不相称的；不得体的；不合时宜的
81、proportion ☆☆☆
n.比例；部分；尺寸；大小
【拓展】 A proportion of a group or an amount is a part of it. Eg: A large proportion of the dolphins in that area will eventually die. ratio 比率 A ratio is a relationship between two things when it is expressed in numbers or amounts. Eg: If there are ten boys and thirty girls in a room, the ratio of boys to girls is 1:3, or one to three.
82、endure ☆☆☆
v.忍耐；忍受；持续；持久
【v.持续】 The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years-so why shouldn't we? 化石记录显示，许多物种已经延续了数百万年——那么我们人类为什么就不能呢？ 【endeavor to surivive struggle to survive/live
形近词
endurance
n.耐力；忍耐力
Their endurance has done justice to them. 它们的持久性彰显出其真正价值。