非谓语动词-动词不定式 (to)do

这是一篇关于非谓语动词-动词不定式 (to)do的思维导图，动词不定式，为非谓语动词。在英语语法中，动词不定式是指动词中的一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、数量、时态的一种形式。它之所以被称做不定式，是因为动词不被限定，或者说不被词性变化所局限。不定式属于非谓语动词形式。

动词不定式 (to)+do

• 分类
  • 一般式
    • 动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或在之后
  • 进行式
    • 动作与谓语同时
  • 完成式
    • 动作在谓语之前
• 句法功能
  • 主语
    • To lose your hearts means failure.
    • 动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语
    • 常用形容词：careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, nice等表示赞扬或批评形容词
  • 表语
    • Her job is to clean the hall.
  • 宾语
    • 与其连用作宾语的动词：want, hope, wish, offer, fail等
    • 若有宾语补足语，it做形式宾语
      • Mark found it interesting to learn English.
    • 介词宾语
      • I have no choice but to stay here.
      • He did nothing last night but repair his bike.
  • 宾语补足语
    • 复合宾语中，不定式可充当宾语补足语
      • want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise等词后常跟
    • 与介词连用
      • With a lot of work to do, he ......
  • 定语
    • 在所修饰名词或代词之后
    • 动宾关系
      • I have a meeting to attend.
      • He found a good place to live in.
        • 为不及物动词时，所修名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词
      • He has no place to live.
        • 若修饰time, place, way等，可省略介词
      • Have you got anything to send/ to be sent?
        • 所修饰名词是动作的承受者，可用主动也可用被动
    • 说明所修饰内容
      • We have made a plan to finish the work.
    • 被修饰的是不定式逻辑主语
      • He is the first to get here.
  • 状语
    • 表目的
      • He worked day and nigt to get the money.
    • 表结果
      • He arrived late to find the train gone.
    • 表原因
      • They were sad to hear the news.
    • 表程度
      • It's too dark to see anything.
  • 独立成分
    • To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked.
  • 不定式的省略：保留to省略do
    • If you don't want to do it, you don't need to.
  • 不定式的并列：第二个to可省略
    • He wished to study mechine and become a doctor.