导图社区 英语时态
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英语时态
这是一篇关于英语时态的思维导图，英语16种时态，分别举例说明。考研考博雅思托福英语四六级均可，感兴趣的小伙伴可以点赞加收藏
编辑于2022-09-11 15:52:07 陕西- 时态
- 四六级
- 考博英语
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英语时态16种
过去
过去完成时 had done
He had gone to bed by 10:00 last night.
When he was in Beijing,he visited places where he had played as a child
It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they had done for me
在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态
I met Jim last week.We hadn't met each other since we left Japan
从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态题
I had hoped to send Peter a gift,but I couldn't manage it
未曾实现的想法，还有suppose, expect, intened, mean
I'd(would) rather you hadn't been present
If only we had listened to their adviced
虚拟语气
The game had hardly begun when it started raining
Hardly had I opened the door when he told me that
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it
It was the second time he had been out with her
特殊句式
过去完成进行时 had been doing
I had been looking for it for days before I found it.
They had only been waiting for the bus a few moments when it came.
过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作
He had been mentioning your name to me
反复的动作
I asked where they had been staying all those days.
用于间接引语中
I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in
可接具有“突然”之意的when分句
He had been writing the novel．（他没有完成它）
He had been studying the meaning of this proverb．（他一直在努力学习它）
We had been studying what our enemy had said．（但我们不能理解）
He had been quarrelling with his wife．（近来）
What had he been doing？（不耐烦）
特殊用法
一般过去时 did
He bought the computer five years ago
He often played with her when he was a child
表过去的动作、状态或过去经常的习惯动作
I didn't know you were here/I didn't know you were so busy(我现在不知道你这时...)
宾语从句，时态呼应
I wondered if you were free this evening
How did you like the film?
Could you help me?
语气委婉
I wish I knew his name
I'd rather you lived closer to us
虚拟语气
It's time we started
特殊用法
表现在
过去进行时 was doing
Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred
表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作
I was coming to visit you later that day,but I had to phone and cancel
表示过去将要发生的动作
They were always quarrelling
常与 always, forever, continually等副词连用，表感情色彩
He was being friendly(当时一时的表现)
动词be的进行时也可表示过去一时的表现或暂时的状态
I was wondering if you could give me a lift
语气委婉
过去将来完成时 would have done
She said she would have finished her exams by then
I thought Sophia would have told you something
He knew by the time he arrived she would have gone home
He told his mother his homework would have been finished by ten o'clock.
在过去看来将来某时会已经完成的动作
过去将来完成进行时 would have been done
He said that by the end of the spring term he would have been studying English for three years
I want you thinking of food and wine, because these last years would have been miserable for you
I knew by that time he would have been working there for 30 years
动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去将来的某一时间
过去将来时
She told us that she would try her best to catch up with other classmates this term
When you asked Li Lei for help, he would never refuse you
He said he would come back the next day
would do
He told us that he was going to attend the meeting
He said that I was going to be sent to meet her at the railway station.
was/were going to do
Nancy was to arrive soon
The building was to be completed next month
was/were to do
He was leaving the next day
We were informed that the leaders were coming to our school soon
was/were doing
We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly
He was about to have lunch when the bell rang
was/were about to do
We were to have left at 6 last night
若过去没有实现的计划，用 was/were to done
从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或状态，常用语宾语从句和间接引语中
过去将来进行时 would be doing 无被动语态
They said they would be coming
计划中的事，意愿或打算
He said he could not come because he would be having a meeting
过去某段时间之后即将进行的动作
John told us that Mary would be coming next day（宾语从句）
The new name he would be using was Jank Jones(定语从句)
He would pay the rest as he would be leaving France(状语从句)
从句
The car started. Ellen James would be driving off to the university
独立句
现在
现在完成时 have done
You're too late，the train has just left.
动作刚结束
I have lost my watch.（仍未找到）
动作的结果仍残留
一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在产生的影响
He has known me for over twenty years
How long have you studied English?
as he studied French very long?
过去已经开始，持续到现在，仍要继续下去的动作或状态
I have not seen that film yet.
I've never been so annoyed in all my life!
Haven't I seen you before?(我以前见过你吗？)
从过去到现在之间经历过的事情
Tell me what you think of the book when you've read it.
We'll start at2 o'clock pm if it has stopped raining by then
在时间或条件状语从句中，通常用现在完成时代替将来完成时，表示将来某一时刻前业已完成的动作
She has been up for quite some time（不用get up ,瞬时词改持续词)
现在完成进行时 have been doing
I've been working with her for 20 years
I have been studying Chinese for nine years
How long has it been raining？
Your eyes are red.Have you been crying?(刚刚终止)
My clothes are all wet.I have been working in the rain(刚刚终止)
从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作，这个动作可能继续着，也可能刚刚终止
Tom had been phoing Alice every night for several months
You have been saying that for five years
时期内反复发生的动作
what have you been doing all this time?（质问）
What have you been doing to my car?(生气)
Too much has been happening today!（吐槽）
You have been giving me everything.(感激)
感情色彩
They have already repaired the broken road（已修完）/They have been repairing the broken road（一直在修还没修完）
I have waterded the flowers（已浇过花）/I have been watering the flowers（我一直在给花浇水）
Have you met him recently?（你最近见到过他吗？）/ Have you been meeting him recently?(你最近常和他见面吗？)
辨析
一般现在时 do
I leave home for school at 7:00 every morning
经常的或习惯性的动作
The earth moves around the sun
客观事实和普遍真理
Columbus proved that the earth is round
格言警句（若在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也用一般现在时）
He lives in Beijing now
现在发生的具体动作或存在的状态
Our class begins at 7:45
预先计划或安排好的行为
I will write to you as soon as I arrive here
If you come, we will wait for you
在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时
Now watch me,I switch on the current and stand back
正在进行的动作的客观状况
现在进行时 is doing
She is doing her homework now
everyone is losing money these days
说话时正在发生的动作
They are getting married next month
She is arriving by train tomorrow
趋向性短暂性动词表将来
She is always talking nonstop
He is constantly interfering in my affairs
与频度副词连用，表达一种习惯或感情色彩
将来
将来完成时 will have done
Pick me up at 8 o'clock,I will have had breakfast by then
We shall（will） have learned 12 units by the end of this term
在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作
We will have been married a year on June 25th.
By the end of the month he will have been living/working/studying here for ten years
某种状态一直持续到说话人所提及的将来时间
There will have been a definite result before Friday.
I am sure that he will have got the information
表示推测
Mr Smith will have returned home by next month
将来完成进行时 will have been doing
By the time the sun rises, I shall have been sleeping for nine hours.
By this time next week, I will have been working for this company for 24 years
某种状况一直持续到说话人所提及的将来时间
He will have been working all day
一个已经进行的动作到某一将来时刻仍在继续进行
一般将来时 will do
I will(shall) arrive tomorrow
Will you be free tonight?
将来某一时刻的动作或状态
We are going to have a meeting today
"be going to do" 即将发生的或打算进行的事
Are we to go on with this work?
he boy is to go to school tomorrow.
“be to do”表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见
We are about to leave
“be about to+do”表示即将发生的动作，意为：立刻，马上。
He gets off at the next stop
The meeting starts at five o'clock
瞬时、位移词，一般现在时表将来
When I grow up, I’ll be a nurse and look after patients
Don’t laugh at me when I make a mistake
You should be quiet when you are in the reading room
If it is fine tomorrow, we will go outing
主将从现
特殊用法
将来进行时 will be doing
She'll be leaving at about seven.
I'll be waiting for you at the gate
将来某一时刻或某一阶段内将要发生的动作
I shall be staying here about a week
He will be working in Geneva during the summer vacation
We'll be using this book next term
将来某一段时间内持续发生的动作
When will you be visiting us again?（更委婉）)/When will you visit us again?
在口语中，比一般将来时更委婉
After you take the medicine， you will be feeling much better
Stop the child or he will be falling over
You will be making a mistake
预定的将来动作或对将来的预测
Please come tomorrow afternoon，I'll be having a meeting tomorrow morning
说明原因
My duties will be ending in July ， and I'll be returning to Shanghai.
对将来的打算（区别于对未来的预测）
特殊用法
2021012520062103