导图社区 非谓语
这是一篇关于非谓语的思维导图,主要内容有解题技巧、名词词性to do不定式; doing动名词、形容词/副词词性to do不定式; doing现在分词; done过去分词、with与独立主格。
编辑于2022-10-09 23:14:37 黑龙江省非谓语
解题技巧
寻找逻辑主语: 1、n.+非谓语 则该n就是逻辑主语 2、非谓语,主句的主语n 则主句主语是逻辑主语
The girl sitting by the window is my sister.
Seen from the top of the mountain, the lake is so beautiful.
非谓语基本形式以及用法: 主动: to do(计划/目的/将来) doing(同时/伴随) 被动:to be done(计划/目的/将来) done(完成)
A moder stadium in that new town, to be completed soon, will be an ideal place for people to have all kinds of sports in. (to be done 表被动将来)
非谓语词性分类: 名词词性:to do不定式;doing动名词 (作主/宾/表) 形容词/副词词性:to do不定式;doing现在分词;ed过去分词 (作定/状/表)
特殊情况: 1)to do还可以表结果(往往是与预期愿望相反的结果/意料之外),常放never/only后 2)当非谓语位于but/except后作宾语,用不定式,——have no choice but to do 且当其前有do(do/did /does/done),不定式不带to——do nothing but do 3)当名词前有only/first/last/next形容词最高级修饰的n.后 则用不定式to do 4)当非谓语在句首,后面的逻辑主语要与这个非谓语动词保持一致。
He hurried to the situation only to find the train had gone.
We had no choice but to wait. He never did anting at home but watch TV.
Who was the first one to to get the top of the hill yesterday?
To learn English well, a dictionary is neccessary.(句子是错误的,字典不能学英语)
名词词性 to do不定式;doing动名词
作主语: 1)doing:抽象/经常性的行为;to do具体/将来某一次行为 2)形式主语: It is no use/no good/a waste of time/a good pleasure等名词+doing It is useless/nice/good/interesting/worthwhile等形容词+doing 3) There is /was no+doing 4)to do不定式: 逻辑主语用for/of
Playing basketball is my favorite sport.(经常性行为) To go to a key university is his dream.(将来某一次行为)
It is a waste of time seeing that movie. It is useless speaking.
There is no standing still in this life.
It's foolish of him to do it.
作宾语: 1)只加doing: abandon,give up,admit,acknowledge,confess,advocate,avoid,escape,enjoy,suggest,put off excuse,appreciate,mention,risk,pardon,resist,tolerate,endure,forgive,forbid,mind,delay 2)省略介词+doing: feel like doing; be/get used to doing;spend time (on) doing;waste/lose time (in) doing; be busy (in) doing;have difficulty/trouble (in) doing;there is no point (in) doing; have fun (in) doing;have a good time (in)doing 3)只加to do: agree,offer,play,aim,ask,demand,clain,endeavor,manage,determine, resolve,fail,pretend,refuse,tend,long,prepare,volunteer 4)既可+doing也可+to do, 意思没变化: (like/love/hate/prefer前有would/should时, 只能跟to do) like,love,hate,prefer, begin,strat,continue,bother,intend,attempt,cease 5)可+doing也可+to do 意思差别很大: remember/foorrget: to do记得/忘记去做(动作未发生);doing记起/忘记做过(动作已发生) regret: to do抱歉做;doing后悔做了某事 try: to do设法做某事;doing试着做某事 mean: to do打算、想要做某事;doing意味着做某事 stop:to do停下来去做另一件事;doing停止正在做当事 go on: to do继续做某事(接着上一件事,中间断开了);doing继续做正在做当事(一直在做) can't help: to do不能帮助做某事;doing忍不住做某事 can't stand: to do不忍心做某事;doing不能融通做某事 need: to do某人应该做某事;doing某事应该做
I give up smoking.
I am busy (in) doing my homework.
He refused to participate the party.
They like having/to have a picnic.
Mike forgeted to wash his clothes.忘记洗衣服了 Mike forgeted washing his clothes.忘记有没有洗衣服
作表语: to do不定式表一次性的、具体的动作 doing表经常发生的、日常的动作
He job was washing clothes.
One of our aims is to help the unemployed find a job.
The problem remains unsolved.(问题仍未解决)
形容词/副词词性 to do不定式;doing现在分词;done过去分词
作定语: doing为主动;done为被动(不及物动词用done表完成) to do表示将来/今后要去做的
a racing horse=a horse that is racing
the building completed 3 years ago=the building that was completed 3 years ago
falling leaves正在掉落的叶子;fallen leaves已经掉落下来的叶子
The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great improtance.
作状语: to do作状可表目的/结果/原因;分词doing/done表时间/原因/让步/条件/方式/伴随
To give the teacher a good impression,I decided to sit the front row.(表目的)
Having finished the homeworl,I went home.(表时间) Given more time,I could write the composition better.(表条件)
作表语: -ed指人;-ing指物
They are excited to hear the news.
The news is exciting.
with与独立主格
独立结构中的逻辑主语可加with/without作伴随状语/定语: with+名词+adj/adv with+名词+现在分词doing表伴随/过去分词done表完成/to do表将来/介词短语表地点
He sat in the chair with his legs crossed.
The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.
With the light on,he left.
With the sun rising,the ground temperature grows.
With lots of difficukt problems to settle,the president is having a hard time.
With a book under his arm, the teacher came in.
逻辑主语(名词/代词)+分词,表时间/原因/条件/方式/伴随
Time premitting(=If time premits), we'd better have a meeting this Friday.表条件
His voice drowned by the noise(=As his voice was drowned by the noise),our headmaster interrupted his lecture.表原因
有的分词短语可独立存在: generally/strictly speaking; juding from; talking of; considering/given;including regarding/concerning; provided/providing/supposing/given假设;seeing that既然
Judging from the what he said,she must be an honest girl
Seeing that(=Since)you love her so much,why don't you marry her?
有独立不定式来修饰整个句子: to tell the truth;to be plain with you;to be brief;to conclude;to cut/make a long story short; to sum up;needless to say;to say the least不夸张地说;to be sure;to begin/start with; strange to say;to say nothing of/not to speak of/not to mention更不用说
To tell the truth,I thought I would keep silent.
To conclude,I wish you all good health and a long life.