写作unit3思维导图

大一英专生，写作课unit3的思维导图，主要内容有The elements of a sentence、Five basic sentence patterns、Types of sentences。

UNIT 3 Sentence fundamentals

• The elements of a sentence
  • Subject
    • simple subject
    • complete subject
    • compound subject
    • implied subject
  • Predicate
    • simple predicate
    • complete predicate
    • compound predicate
  • Object
    • indirect object
    • direct object
  • Complement
    • subject complement
    • object complement
  • Attributive
  • Adverbial
    • adverbial of time
    • adverbial of place
    • adverbial of cause
    • adverbial of result
    • adverbial of purpose
    • adverbial of condition（条件状语）
    • adverbial of manner
    • adverbial of degree
    • adverbial of concessionz(让步状语）
    • adverbial of circumstance(伴随状语）
    • adverbial of comment(评注性状语）
  • Subject-verb order
    • eg:There is a dog in the house
• Five basic sentence patterns
  • S+V
    • David cried.
  • S+V+SC
    • David looks tried.
  • S+V+O
    • David loves his mother.
  • S+V+O+O
    • David gave me the book.
  • S+V+O+OC
    • David makes his mother angery
  • 主系表
    • 表象：be/look/appear/seem
    • 感官：feel/smell/sound/taste
    • 持续：keep/rest/remain/continue/last/lie/stand/stay
    • 终止：prove/turn out
    • 变化：become/grow/turn/go/get/fail/come/run
• Types of sentences
  • Grammatical types of sentences
    • simple sentence
    • compound sentence
      • coordinating conjunction(and,but,for,or,nor,so,and yet)
      • correlative conjunction(such as either...or,neither..nor,and not only...but also)
      • semicolon
    • complex sentence
      • 所有从句（重点放在主句，非重点放在从句）
    • compound-complex sentence
  • Functional types of sentences
    • declarative sentence
    • exclamatory sentence
      • What+(n.)
      • How+(adj.)
    • imperative sentence
    • interrogative sentence
  • Rhetorical types of sentences
    • loose sentence
      • 重点在前面
    • periodic sentence
      • 重点在后面
• Capitalize the title of a work
  • 1.Don't capitalize artivles(a,an,the)
  • 2.Don't capitalize coodinating conjunctions(or,and)
  • 3.Don't capitalize prepositions of fewer tahn five letters(of,in,on,at...)
  • 4.Don't capitalize 星期，月份，人名，地名 and "I"
• opshacom(不用逗号隔开的adj.)
  • 1.shape
  • 2.age
  • 3.color
  • 4.origin
  • 5.material
• because,because of,since,as,for的区别
  • because位于句首用逗号隔开；常指直接原因，语气最强；与why对应；后面直接加句子
  • because of后面直接加词
  • since常指显然的理由=“既然”；更正式
  • as常指双方都知道的原因；具有对比意味
  • for在并列句里指原因时为间接原因，放于主句后，并用逗号隔开
• complement不可以去掉，attributive可以去掉
• complement与attributive的区别
  • eg: 1. I will call the man(我会打电话给他）
  • 2. I will call the man (in the company)
  • 3. I will call the man Tom.