Human Heredity

这是一篇关于Human Heredity的思维导图,主要内容包括了Human Chromosomes、Human Genettic disorders

Human Heredity

• 14.1 Human Chromosomes
  • Key words
    • Genome: The entire set of genetic information that an organism carries in its DNA
    • Karyotype: A photograph of the complete diploid set of chromosomes grouped together in pairs, arranged in order
    • Sex chromosome: Determines an individual's sex
    • Sex-linked gene: A gene located on a sex chromosome
    • Pedigree
  • X-Chromosome inactivation
    • Barr body
      • Also occurs in female mammals
• 14.2 Human Genetic Disorders
  • Caused by individual genes
    • Individual gene affect soecific protein that do important job
  • Disorders
    • Changes in a gene's DNA sequence can change proteins by altering their amino acid sequences. Directly affect a proteins phenotype
    • Sickle-Cell Disease
      • Caused by a flawed allele for a polypetide in hemoglobin
    • Huntington's Disease
      • Caused by a dominant allele for a protein found in brain cells/GAG codon repeats
    • Cystic Fibrosis
      • Caused by the deletion of three bases in on gene
  • Chromosomal Disorders
    • Nondisjunction
      • An error in meiosis in which the homologous chromosomes fail to separate properly
    • Down syndrome
      • Trisomy of chromosome number 21
    • Turner's syndrome
      • A female who inherits only one X chromosome
    • Klinefelter's syndrome
      • A male with an extra X chromosome
• 14.3 Studying the Human Genome
  • Restriction enzyme
    • An enzyme that cuts DNA at a sequence of nucleotides
  • Gel electrophoresis
    • A procedure used to analyze DNA, separate DNA fragments that can be read