导图社区 报刊新闻2.1
报刊新闻的分类和新闻的结构特点
编辑于2020-03-06 13:20:12新闻分类及结构特点
Classification of News
communication media
News in newspapers
Magazine coverage
News on the radio
TV News
News on the Internet
Mobile news
places of events
World News
Home News
Local News
themes
Political news
Bussiness news
Science and Technology news
Education news
Violence and crime news暴力与犯罪新闻
Cultural and Entertainment news
Mllitary news军事新闻
Sports news
Disaster news
Weather news
Quality and value
Hard news
up-to-the-minute news and events最新的新闻和事件 Politics,war,economics and crimes used to be considered hard news.
Soft news
background information and human-interest stories背景资料和有趣的故事 Arts,entertainments were considered soft news.
Genres
News reports消息报道
Answering all the basic questions about any particular event---who,what,when,where and why and also often how---at the opening of the article.在文章开头回答关于任何特定事件的所有基本问题——谁、什么、何时、何地、为什么以及通常如何回答。
Feature articles特写
Stories in newspapers and magazines other than straight news stories,editorials,or advertising报纸和杂志上的故事,而不是直接的新闻故事、社论或广告
Commentaries评论
Opinion articles with the important communicative function of contributing to the formulation of certain “preferred” viewpoints about the world.观点文章具有重要的沟通功能,有助于形成对世界的某些“首选”观点。
Typical Structures
Inverted Pyramid倒金字塔型
(1)Put climax at the beginning part,which is called lead(导言)introducing the essential elements(要素)such as what,who,where,and how.(2)And then come important facts and less important facts.(3)Typically,the most important imformation has been given in the beginning and the other paragraphs are just explanations.
Advantages:1Convenient for the Journalists. News reports must be timely. 2Eifficient for the editors to pick the biggest news. 3Friendly for the readers.
Disadvantages:1Lack of variety,and is not a natural way to describe an event. 2Climax(高潮) comes at the beginning,and readers find suspense and lose interest.
A story consists of three parts:Introduction orBackground Facts,Climax
Pyramid Structure金字塔型
After the background information is given in the lead the following facts are arranged in chronological order(时间顺序) .(usually found in feature articles(专题文章))
Advantage:The pyramid has an advantage of being full of vivid description to lure(吸引)the readers
Hourglass Structure沙漏型 also called bi-pyramid form(双金字塔型) or blended flashback-narration form(混合倒叙型)
Starts with a summary lead introducing the frame(框架) of the news story and then giving a chronolgical description of the event and at last presenting an excellent ending.
The beginning and ending of this type of textual structure
Glossary
a chronological description按时间先后顺序的描写 blended flashback narration form倒叙顺序混合结合 breeaking news突发新闻 British PM-British Prime Minister英国首相 catapult sb. to stardom使某人一跃成名 chronological顺时针方向的 cohesion衔接 diapleasing paparazzi exposure令人不愉快的狗仔跟拍 Downing Street唐宁街(英国首相府所在地) follow-up news后续新闻 gruevance不满;苦衷;委屈;牢骚 hit tracks上榜金曲 impersonate扮演;模仿;拟人,人格化 launch one's debut album发行首张专辑 mega-hot track超级热曲 priority优先考虑的事 reinvigorate使再振作,使复兴,恢复活力 retrospect回顾 tedious单调的,枯燥的 vow发誓,郑重宣告 a summary lead 摘要性导语 Blue and White Porcelain《青花瓷》 Brexit脱欧 brush aside speculations抛开猜测 charisma魅力,〈宗〉神受的力量或才能,超凡的个人能力,感召力 dispatch(驻外记者发回的)电讯,新闻报道 Douban ratings豆瓣评分 embattled(与敌人或批评者)处于交战中的,受围攻的 genre类型,种类,体裁,样式 hit the shelves上架销售 loop-play friendly适合反复听的 mumble咕哝,吐字不清 prosecutor起诉人,实行者,检举人 referendum公民投票,外交官请示书,全民公决,请示书 round-up news综合报道 The House of Commons英国国会下议院 The mandarin-speaking world华语世界