英语其他构词法思维导图

这是一篇关于英语的其他构词法的思维导图，我们知道英语最常见扥构词法，而在该思维导图中却结合了其他构词法来进行系统说明，拓宽了英语构词法。

其他构词方法

• 一、缩略法
  • 截短词
    • 截除词尾（spocope）: approx.←approximately,auto←automobile,exam←examination,gas←gasoline,Hi-Fi←high fidelity,porn←pornography,rhino←rhinoceros,vent←ventulator通风设备
    • 截除词首（aphaeresis): cell←violoncello,chute←parachute,scope←telescope,wig←periwig假发
    • 截除首尾（front and back clipping）: flu←influenza,fridge←refrigerator,script←prescription,dept←department
    • 截除词腰（synocope）: fossilation←fossilization,symbology←symbology
  • 首字母缩略词: AD/A.D.→anno Domini,BC→before（the birth of）Christ,ISBN←International Standard Book Number,AI←Artificial Intelligence
  • 首字母拼音词: SARS←Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome,APEC←Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation,UNRSCO←United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization
  • 拼缀词: smog,motel,brunch,galumph,chortle
• 二、逆生法
  • 名词性后缀
    • 逆生出动词: （-er,-or,-ar,-tion,-sion,-ance,-ence）elevator→to elevate,location→to locate,option→to opt
    • 逆生出复合动词: （er,-tion,-sion,-ship,-ist） one-upmanship→to onn-upman,non-conformist→to non-conform
  • 形容词性后缀
    • （-ish,-some,-ous,-y） gruesome→to grue
    • (-ed,-en) spoonfed→to spoonfeed,tongue-tied→to yongue-tie,panic-stricken-to panic-strike
    • (-ing) banting→to bang,merrymaking→to merrymake
    • to deep-freeze “Deep Freezer”
• 三、拟声法
  • 基本拟声词 Primary onomatopoeia
  • 次要拟声词 Secondary Onomatopoeia: 音与某种象征性的意义发生联想的词