英语二写作要点

英语二写作注意事项与要点，在英语写作中，掌握写作要点是提升表达能力与文章质量的关键。这张脑图通过精心设计的文档，为大家提供了一份全面而详尽的英语写作要点指南。不仅教会了我们如何撰写一封规范得体的书信，还引导我们如何在不同类型的写作中灵活运用语言技巧与表达策略。

英语二要点

• 短文写作
  • 类型
    • 通过图文形式反映某种发展趋势或某种现象
  • 三段论
    • 图表阐释
      • 点题，描述图标中数据的主要特征或变化趋势
      • 动态图
        • 柱形图、曲线图
        • 陈述主题
          • 根据中文语段将标题划分为词组
          • 将词组翻译成相应的英文
          • 将中文语序颠倒顺序变成英文语序
          • 在各词组之间添加适当的介词
        • 整体趋势
          • （各）变量名称+变化趋势+时间范围
          • 上升/下降
            • 各变量趋势基本一致
          • 发生变化
            • 各变量变化不一致
        • 关注焦点
          • 该句主要为第二段展开做铺垫
        • 过渡句
          • 完成对图表变化的总结，又要衔接第一二段
      • 静态图
        • 饼图、表格
    • 分析论证
      • 分析图表所反映现象背后的原因或其带来的影响
    • 总结预测
      • 表达看法，预测未来情况货提出解决问题的办法或建议
• 语言写作技巧
  • 词汇
    • 其他替换
      • 名词
        • person
          • individual
        • people
          • individuals,folks,characters
        • human beings
          • mankind,human race,humanity
        • thing
          • matter,affair,business
        • problem
          • issue,trouble,headache,dilemma,crisis
        • advantage
          • merit,virtue,strength,superiority
        • disadventage
          • demerit,drawback,downside,shortcoming,fualt,defect,weakness
        • measure
          • step,action,program,counter-measure
        • purpose
          • aim,goal,intention,point,object
      • 动词
        • think
          • believe,feel,consider,count,deem,hold,insist,maintain,argue,assume,reskon
          • in my opinion/eyes/mind，for my part，as for me，as far as I am concerned，in my point of view，from my perspective/standpoint/viewpoint，according to me，the way I see it
          • when it comes to me，hold the view/opinion that...，take the view that...，take the attitude that...，it is universally acknowledeged that...，it is widely shared/believed that...，I am convinced that...，it is a well-know fact that...，it is a widely-held belief that...，there is no denying that...
        • harm
          • damage,impair,prejudice,destroy,undermine,threaten,endanger,jeopardize,devastate
          • do harm to,do more harm than good,be harmful to,pose/present a threat to,cause damage to
        • decide
          • be determined to，choose to do，make up one's mind to do，make a decision to do，resolve to do，come to/reach a decision
        • remember
          • memorize,recollect
          • bear in mind that,keep...in mind
        • prepare
          • get ready for，make preparetions for，pave the way for，lay the groundwork for，gear up for
        • solve
          • resolve,settle,handle,tackle,deal with,approach,address
        • ease
          • allevate,relieve,lessen
        • realize
          • accomplish,achieve,complete,attain,reach,fulfill
        • influence
          • impact on,have a far-reaching impact on,exert an overwhelming influence on,while a great influence over
        • show
          • describe,depict,present,demonstrate,reflect,indicate,illustrate,reveal
        • cause
          • trigger,spark,provoke,give rise to,lead to,bring about,result in,be responsible for,contribute to
        • ignore
          • overlook,take no notice of,turn a blind eye to
        • protect
          • guard，safeguard，shield，shelter，preserve，conserve，give/offer/provide protection
        • occupy
          • take up
        • consist of
          • be made up of,be composed of,comprise
        • be related to
          • be connected/linked/associated with,be relevant to
        • get rid of
          • remove,eliminate,eradicate,abolish,take away,smooth away
        • try one's best to do
          • try one's hardest to do，do one's best/utmost to do，spare no effort to do，make every effort to，make a painstaking effort to do，take pains in doing，do sth.at full stretch，put one's back into sth.，with all one's might
        • sb.is interested in
          • sb.has/shows/takes an interest in sth.，sth. be of interest to sb.，sth. appeals to sb.，sb. be fascinated with/by sth.，sth. exert a tremendous fascination on sb.
        • pay attention to
          • put/place emphasis on，give/attach weight to，lay/put/place stress on，attach importance to，devote much attention to，put/place a premiun on
          • importance should be attached to，weight should be given to，great attention ought to be devoted to，due attention should be paid to
        • want to do
          • would like to do,plan to do,desire to do,intend to do,be willing to do,mean to do
      • 形容词
        • important
          • significant，essential， vital，crucial，key，chief，principal，indispensable，noteworthy，irreplaceable，paramount
          • play a decisive role, be of great/utmost/considerable importance
        • big
          • great, huge,enormous , massive, vast, colossal, tremendous
        • good
          • impressive, awesome，great，wonderful，terrific， fantastic，brilliant， amazing，incredible，excellent， superb，exceptional，outstanding，rosy，promising， favorable，positive， glorious，pleasurable，beneficial， rewarding
        • bad
          • poor, frightful，disappointing，negative，adverse， unfavorable，undesirable，awful，terrible，dreadful， horrible，lousy，severe，abysmal
        • difficult
          • hard，tough，tricky，awkward，challenging， demanding， arduous，formidable，complicate，dintricate
        • obvious
          • clear，evident，apparent，noticeable，manifest， unmistakable，self-evident
        • many kind of
          • various，diverse， all sorts of,a variety of， various/diverse kinds of，a wide range of
      • 副词
        • obviously
          • clearly ,evidently,apparently , noticeably , manifestly
        • always
          • permanently，consistently，invariably, forever
        • now
          • nowadays, today,currently, at present, at the present time
        • very
          • distinctly，exceedingly，extremely，highly
        • too much
          • excessively，immoderately
        • more and more
          • increasingly，progressively
• 词汇
  • 图表阐释词汇替换
    • 变化
      • 上升
        • 动词
          • rise,increase,grow,climb,go up,boom,rocket,surge,soar
        • 名词
          • a rise,an increase,a growth,a climb,an upward trend，an upsurge,a dramatic rise
      • 下降
        • 动词
          • fall,decrease,decline,reduce,drop,go down,slump,plummet,plunge
        • 名词
          • a fall,a decrease,a decline,a reduction,a drop，a downward trend,a slump,a dramatic fall
      • 持平
        • 动词
          • remain stable,remain stready,remain unchanged，stay constant,level off/out,reach a plateau,maintain the same level
        • 名词
          • little/no change,hardly any change,a leveling off/out
      • 波动
        • 动词
          • fluctuate,rebound,reach a peak of,bottom out,hit a high of,hit a low of
        • 名词
          • a fluctuation,peak,maximum,minimum,the highest point,the lowest point
    • 变化的程度
      • 剧烈的
        • dramatic,sharp,steep,rapid,quick,swift,sudden,huge，enormous,substantial,considerable,significant,marked，noticeable,remarkable
      • 轻微的
        • slow,gentle,gradual,smooth,moderate,slight,mild,modest,minimal,marginal,small
    • 比较
      • 对比
        • but,however,while,whereas,nevertheless,nonetheless,rather,instead,unlike,conversely,inversely,be different from,be opposed to,in contrast to,by contrast,on the contrary
      • 类比
        • similarly,like,alike,likewise,equally,in the same way，as...as...,have...in common,be analogous to,be parallel to
    • 大约
      • about,approximately,roughly,around,in the neighberhood of，almost,neary,or so,or thereabouts,just under/over,well under/over
  • 其他
    • some
      • a few,a small number of
    • many
      • numerous，countless, innumerable,quite a few,a lot of, lots of, a large/great number of, an armyof, a host of, a multitude of, a wide/whole/full range of,aconsiderable proportion/amount/number of,an enormous number of
    • enough
      • sufficient, adequate, ample, abundant, plenty of
    • because
      • since，as，in that，now that，for the reason that，considering seeing, because of, owing to，due to，by reason of，as a result of，on account of，by virtue of， on the grounds of，given
    • though
      • although, while, however, no matter how, even if/eventhough，despite,in spite of,regardless of, irrespective of, for all
    • about
      • regarding，concerning，in terms of，with regard/respect/reference to，as regards，in the case of，when it comes to ..
    • only in this way
      • only by doing so, only by this means , It is in this way that ...
    • to do
      • in order to do, for the purpose of doing sth., for the sake of sth./sb., with a view to (doing) sth., with the aim of doing sth.，be designed/calculated/intended to do sth.
    • it is high time that
      • it is imperative for sb. to do, it is about time that sb. did/should do
    • for exemple
      • like,for instance, take sth. for example, such as，... is a perfect/typical example，A case in point is that ...，sth. provide(s) us with a good illustration, There's no betterexample than ...
    • Firstly...secondly
      • on the one hand,... on the other hand, for one thing, ... for another, ... at last, ... to begin with, ... moreover/what is more,...last but not least，there is one more point I feel I ought to touch upon ...
• 语言写作
• 应用文写作
  • 格式
    • 书信格式
      • 称呼
        • 收信人明确
          • 1)知道收信人的姓名:Dear Mr. Black,/Dear Ms.Shane,/Dear Bob,/Dear LiMing,...
          • 2)知道收信人的职位:Dear President,/Dear Professor,/Dear Manager,...
          • 3)知道自己与收信人的关系:Dear Friend,/Dear Mom,/Dear Brother,...
          • 无论称呼是什么,标点符号建议统一使用“,”称呼中表示称呼语或职位的单词首字母大写
        • 收信人不明确
          • 用Dear Sir or Madam,/To Whom It May Concern,
      • 正文
        • 第一段
          • 写信目的
        • 第二段
          • 写信内容
        • 第三段
          • 结尾客套话
      • 结尾礼词
        • 1)较为正式的信函：Yours sincerely,/Sincerely yours,
        • 2)私人信函,结尾礼词使用Yours
      • 署名
        • 由题目要求决定
    • 通知格式
      • 标题
        • Notice/Announcement
      • 日期
        • 标题靠右，月 日，年
      • 称呼
        • 可以不写
      • 正文
        • 第一段
          • 通知目的
        • 第二段
          • 通知内容
        • 第三段
          • 联系方式，表示期待
      • 署名
        • 题中规定，若无规定，则使用个人署名“Li Ming”
    • 备忘录和报告格式
      • 标题
        • report/Memo
      • 接收人/部门
        • 题中规定
      • 发送人/部门
        • 题中规定，人前不用尊称
      • 日期
        • 月 日，年
      • 主题
        • 文中一般有明确规定，主要内容概括性小标题
      • 正文
        • 从事件时间、地点、内容或结论展开
        • 主题下面空两行写正文
        • 不用加称呼和结尾礼词