非谓语动词

高考英语、专升本英语、英语语法考研刘晓燕系统语法。主页有系统的英语语法一套。从动词不定式、动名词等方面进行了概述。

非谓语动词

• 动词不定式
  • 表目的或将来
  • 结构
    • 一般式
      • 主动
        • to do
      • 被动
        • to be done
          • 表示一个被动的动作将要发生
            • the press conference is be held tomorrow.
    • 完成式
      • 主动
        • to have done
          • 不定式的动作发生在谓语之前
            • i sorry to have given you so much trouble.
      • 被动
        • to have been done
          • 表示一个被动的动作发生在谓语之前
            • the room seems to have been tidied up already.
    • 进行式
      • 主动
        • to be doing
          • 谓语动作发生时，不定式表示的动作正在发生
            • he pretended to be sleeping when she came in.
    • 完成进行式
      • 主动
        • to have been doing
  • 用法
    • 做主语
      • 常用it做形式主语
        • it takes me 15 minutes to go to school every day.
          • to go to school 才是真主语
      • 不定式的逻辑主语一般由for引导
        • it is hard for him to get rid of his bad habits
    • 做宾语
      • 谓语+to do
        • this company refused to cooperate with us
          • 主语和不定式的逻辑主语一致。this company
      • feel,find,think,consider,believe,make,judge.等后面是不定式做宾语，宾补是adj和n，常用形式宾语it
        • Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia
    • 做定语
      • i have a lot of readings to complete before the end of this term
        • 还未发生，表将来。用不定式修饰readings
    • 做宾补
      • 不定式补充说明宾语
        • the officer expected his men to do their duty
          • expect是谓语，his men 是宾语，to do theit duty是宾补
    • 做状语
      • 不定式做状语表示目的
        • tom made a big bamboo box to keep the little sick bird till it could fly.
      • only to do
        • 引出意想不到的或者不好的结果
          • he arrived late only to find the train gone
      • too..to..
        • 太。。而不能
          • 但是当too前面有only,all,but,really,或后面有ready，willing，glad的情况下表示的意思是肯定的
            • i am only too glad to have passed the exam.考试及格我太高兴了
      • ..enough to do
    • 做表语
      • 指具体动作时多用不定式
        • his dream is to be a doctor
  • 不定式to的省略
    • 并列结构由and，or，but等连接时，避免重复把后面的to省略
      • do you want to have lunch now or (to) wait till later
    • 在had better ,would rather ,cannot but.等后面
      • i cannot help but (to) repect them,我不得不尊敬他们
    • 在than后面一般加动词原形
      • rather than wait anymore ,i decided to go home buy taxi，与其等下去，不如打车回家
• 动名词
  • 表主动或进行
  • 结构
    • 一般式
      • 主动
        • doing
      • 被动
        • being done
          • 逻辑主语是动名词的承受着
            • the gym being built now is for the Olympics
    • 完成式
      • 主动
        • having done
          • 完成式的动作发生在谓语之前
            • he admitted to having taken the money,
      • 被动
        • having been done
  • 用法
    • 做主语
      • 一般放在句首，谓语用单数
        • finding work is diffcult these days.
      • 动名词做主语强调事情的本身
    • 做宾语
      • avoid,admit,consider,deny,dislike,enjoy,escape,finish,imagine,involve,keep,mind,practice,resist,suggest.
        • 后接动名词做宾语，doing
      • 介词短语后一般接动名词做宾语。
        • i am use to sleeping with the light on.