航空气象思维导图

这是一篇关于航空气象思维导图的思维导图

atmosphere 大气

• definition:
  • a blanket of air made up of gases.混合气体组成的空气覆盖层
• function
  • 1.shelters all life.
  • 2.keeping temperatures within a relatively small range.
  • 3.blocking out harmful rays of sunlight.
• composition
  • dry clean air干洁空气
    • composition:
      • does not allow for the effects of water in the atmosphere(up to 4% in volume),dust and smoke,or carbon dioxide.
      • 78.09%Nitrogen氮气
      • 20.95%Oxygen氧气
      • 0.935%Argon氩气
      • 0.03%Carbon Dioxide 二氧化碳
        • is the most abundant human-emitted greenhouse gas. trapping additional heat and raising the global surface temperature.
      • Ozone臭氧
        • mainly found in the stratosphere.absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation. also found in the troposphere.is a pollutant.ozone hole
  • water vapor水汽
    • is the most abundant variable gas.can be up to 4%
    • the dominant greenhouse gas
    • responsible for major changes in weather
  • solid particles大气杂质
    • sand and dust，salt and man-made polluters
    • can restrict visibility
    • the amount varies.is important to condensation and the formation of ice.
    • serving as the nuclei onto which water vapour condensate or freeze
  • Layers分层
    • based on thermal characteristics lapse rate of temperature温度直减率，unit:℃／100m indicates the variation rate of air temperature with height
    • troposphere对流层
      • 0～11km
      • more higher the temperature more lower 2℃／1000feet (0.65℃／100m)
      • low stability.over-turing of air is frequent
      • weather,flying occurs
      • contains over75% of the mass of the total atmosphere
    • tropopause对流层顶
      • the boundary between the troposphere and the stratosphere it is an isothermal layer等温层. lower atmosphere
      • height varies with latitude(lowest over polos,highest over equator) and by season(lower in winter and higher in summer)
      • break,strong winds,jet streams
    • stratosphere平流层
      • tropopause~50km
      • flying occurs
      • relatively stable
      • air temperature rises with altitude
      • good ozone layer
    • mesosphere中间层
    • thermosphere暖层
      • ionosphere电离层
      • exosphere外逸层