导图社区 【195】Lesson57
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【195】Lesson57
新概念第二册57课的思维导图，化繁为简
编辑于2019-09-24 12:43:54- 相似推荐
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Lesson 57 Can I help you, madam?
一、单词讲解 New words and expressions
madam
对女子的尊称（已婚，未婚者均可） Dear Sir 亲爱的先生 Dear Madam 亲爱的女士类似中文的敬启者 miss
miss
1)对未婚女子姓名前的称谓
Miss Hill 希尔小姐 the Miss world 世界小姐
2）小学生对女教师的尊称
Mrs． 夫人（已婚女子姓或姓名前）
Mrs. Jane Brown 布朗简夫人
Mr. 先生（Mister)（男子姓或姓名前）
Mr. Brown 布朗先生 Mr. Chairman 主席先生 Mr. President 总统先生
Sir
1)对男子的礼貌称呼
例：Yes, sir. 是的，长官
2）中小学生对男教师的称呼
3）信的称呼
Dear Sir 敬启者
Dear Madam
Ms. [miz]女士（己婚或未婚女子姓或姓名前）
Ms. Mary Green 格林玛丽小姐
jeans
close-fitting pants 牛仔裤
wear jeans 穿牛仔裤
blue jeans 蓝色的牛仔裤
bluejacket 水兵，水手
hesitate
v. 迟疑，踌躇，犹豫
hesitate at sth 对…犹豫
/hesitate about sth/hesitate over sth 例：She hesitated before accepting his invitation． 她在接受邀请之前非常犹豫。 He hesitates at nothing． 他从不优柔寡断。
hesitate to do sth 犹豫做某事
例：Don't hesitate to tell roe if you have any requests. 你有任何要求的话一定要告诉我，不要犹豫告诉我。
hesitate about wh 关于…而犹豫
例：We seldom hesitate about where to stay in Pairs． 关于在巴黎呆在哪我们从来不犹豫。
hesitate in doing sth 犹豫做某事
例：I seldom hesitate in telling the truth． 我毫不犹豫地说出实情。
hesitation [hezi'teiʃən] n. 犹豫．迟疑
without hesitation 毫不犹豫
serve
1) v.效力，（为…）工作，供职，经历；服务；接待
例：She served her father as a capable secretary. 她为爸爸工作，是一个能干的秘书。 He served two terms as president． 他担任过两任总统。
serve a sentence 服刑
2) v.有用，符合，（食物）足够…人的份额
例：The cake can serve ten people. 那个蛋糕足够十个人吃。 Is this enough money to serve your need？ 这笔钱够满足你的需要吗？
serve to do 对做…有用
例：This agreement will serve to promote the trade between Japan and China. 这项协议对促进中日贸易将起到有益作用。
service n．服务
at one's service 随时随地为某人服务
例：I'm' at your service． 我为您效劳。
service station 加油站 /gas filling station
service industry 服务业
scornfully
scorn
1) n.鄙视，轻蔑
例：He had nothing but scorn. for my idea． 他对我的主意充满了鄙视。
pour scorn on sb 以鄙夷的口气说道某事（物）
pour scorn on sth
pour [pɔ:] vt.灌，倒，注vi.倾泻，流出
2)vt.鄙视，傲慢地拒绝
scorn sb's invitation 傲慢的拒绝某人的邀请 scorn sb's advice 鄙视某人的建议 scorn sb's offer 拒绝某人的帮助 scorn to ask for help 不屑于求助
scornful adj. 鄙视的，轻蔑的
a scornful smile 轻蔑的微笑
a scornful look 鄙视的表情
scornfully adv. 鄙视地，轻蔑地
例：The assistant glanced at her scornfully. 那个售货员轻蔑的瞥了她一眼。
punish
v.惩罚
punish sb 惩罚某人
punish sb for sth 因为某事惩罚某人
give a lesson to sb 教训某人一顿
/teach a lesson to sb
例：The teacher punished him for cheating on the exam． 因为考试作弊老师惩罚了他。 The murderer was punished by death． 这个谋杀犯被判处死刑。
punitive ['pju:nitiv] adj. 处罚的
punishment n. 惩罚
capital punishment 死刑 undergo punishment 遭受惩罚
例: The punishment should fit the crime 罪刑相当。 The judge inflicted severe punishment on the criminal． 法官对那个犯人施以重刑。
fine
1) n．罚金，罚款
a heavy fine 一笔很重的罚款
2) v.罚…款
fine sb 罚某人的款
例：He was fined £3, 500． 他被罚了3500英镑。
ticket ['tikit] 罚款单
fur
n．动物的毛皮，毛皮上衣
a coat of fur 裘皮大衣 /a fur coat
make the fur fly 引起争吵，打斗
fur seal 海狗 fir 冷杉（常用作圣诞树） furry ['fə:ri] adj． 毛茸茸的 a furry toy 一个毛茸茸的玩具
leather ['leðə] n. 皮革 leather shoe 皮鞋 leather gloves 皮手套 feather ['feðə] n. 羽毛
birds of a feather 物以类聚 skin n． 皮肤 hair n． 头发，毛发
eager
adj． 热情的，热切的
be eager for sth 热切的期盼某事物
be eager to do sth 热切的做某事
例：We are eager for success． 我们热切的期待着成功。 Every one of us is eager for beautiful English． 我们每个人都希望讲一口流利的英语。 He is eager to please. 他极想讨好别人。
be eager that
例：The president is eager that the project should be started early. 总统期待着这个项目早些开始。
eagerly adv. 热切地，殷切地
例：He listened to me eagerly. 他殷切地听我讲话。
eagerness n. ['i:gənis] 殷切
with eagerness 殷切地
eagerness for wealth 渴望财富
二、关键句型 Key structures
带at, in, off，with的短语
在具体地址或某一小地点前用at
at: at 27 West Street 在西大街27号 at the bus stop 在公共汽车站 at the station 在车站 at a small village 在一个小村庄 at the door 在门口
in只有范围的地方
in: in the street 在大街上 in a country 在一个国家 in Berlin 在柏林 in the park 在公园 in a room 在房间
1)在…里面
2）在某（大）地方
off 指离开
off: come off 掉了 take off 拿掉，脱掉 roll off 滚落
in与with
in 用来描述某人的穿戴
with 某人有某生理特征，某物伴随着某人或某人随身携带着
in blue 穿着蓝衣服 in a blue coat 穿着蓝色的外套 in a black suit 穿着黑色的西服 the man with long hair 留着长发的男子 a man with a scar on his face 脸上有道疤的男子 the woman with a handbag 带着手提包的妇女
三、课文讲解 Text
A woman in jeans stood at the window of an expensive shop. Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window.
语法点：
though 引导让步状语从句
that 引导定语从句修饰dress
The assistant who served her did not like the way she dressed.
注意本句话中间两个定语从句
the way she was dressed 她打扮的方式 the way he talks 他讲话的方式 the way he solved the problem 他解决问题的方式
dress
1) vt.穿衣，给…穿衣（强调动作）
例: She dressed her baby． 她给她的孩子穿衣服。
2）穿着（强调状态）
例：He dressed well． 他穿着华丽。
be dressed 穿着，打扮（强调状态）
例：He was well dressed. 他穿着华丽。
be dressed in 穿着什么衣服
例：The lady was dressed in white at the party． 在派对上那个女士穿着白衣服。
put on 穿，戴(强调动作）
take off 脱掉
例：Put your coat on when you go out． 当你出去时把外套穿上。
wear 穿着（强调状态）与be dressed in相同
例：I wear jeans at home． 我在家穿牛仔裤。
Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold. The woman walked out of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant next day. She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other.
the following morning 第二天早上
the next morning
the following day 第二天
the next day
dressed in a fur coat 穿着裘皮大衣
过去分词做伴随状语
in one hand…in the other 一只手里…另一只手里
on the one hand… on the other hand 一方面…另一方面（引出相互矛盾的观点， 意见等）
例: On the one hand, you accepted his gift; on the other hand, you are rude to him. What are your actual attitude to him? 一方面你接受他的礼物；另一方面你对他很粗鲁。你到底对他什么态度啊？
After seeking out the rude assistant, she asked for the same dress.
seeking 是动名词作介词after的宾语
seek-sought- sought 寻找，找到，得到
例：We sought long and hard but found no answer． 我们费力多时也没能找到答案。
seek happiness 追求幸福 seek comfort 追求安逸 seek wealth 追求财富 young graduates seeking success in life 探索人生成功之路的年轻毕业生
Not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time.
not realizing: without realizing 分词短语的否定形式作原因状语
例：Not knowing her address, we couldn't get in touch with her. 不知道她的地址，我们没法跟她取得联系。 The doctor, not wishing to make her nervous, did not fully explain the seriousness of her condition． 医生并不想让她紧张，所以没有充分解释她情况的严重性。
the assistant （美clerk)售货员
assistant 助手
a laboratory assistant 实验室的助手
an assistant manager 助理
assistant professor 助理教授
With great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window to get the dress.
with great difficulty 费了好大劲
with +抽象名词结构在句子中作状语，与该名词所对应的副词形式相同。如果要修饰该词组，在名词前加形容词。
with great difficulty 费了好大劲
with little difficulty 难度不大
with no difficulty 根本不费劲
with care: carefully 小心的
with ease: easily 容易的
with pleasure 愿意的，荣幸的
She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally in buying the dress she had first asked for.
enjoy oneself doing sth 开心的做某事
例：She enjoys herself making fun of other． 她以捉弄别人为乐。
make sb do sth 让某人做某事
例：I can't make him change his mind． 我不能让他改变主意。 The teacher made the boy write the exercise again． 老师让这个孩子重做练习。
let sb do (allow, permit） 允许，让
例：Don't let him persuade you． 不要让他说服了你。
Let me try 让我试一下。
Don't let the children touch anything in this room please. 别让孩子们碰房间里的任何东西。 Let life be beautiful as summer flowers and death like autumn leaves. 生如夏花之灿烂，死如秋叶之静美。
四、练习 Exercises
1. The assistant____ her did not like the way she was dressed. A. served C. who serving B. serving D. was serving
2. After___ out the rude assistant she asked for the same dress. A. she was seeking B. she had sought C. sought D. when she sought
3. She sought out the rude assistant. He had been___ polite. A. un- C.in- B.im- D. dis-
4. The solider was____ of running away when the enemy attacked. A. scolded C. accused B. charge D. punished
六、补充内容
谚语
1. Make hay while the sun shines.
晒草要趁太阳好，抓住时机：勿失良机。
2. Many hands make light work.
人多好办事。