中小学英语语法思维导图之定语从句

学霸家长呕心整理，适用于中小学生归纳学习英语语法知识，可自行修改扩充知识点。

定语从句

• 概念
  • 先行词
    • 被定语从句修饰的词
  • 关系词
    • 起连接主句和从句作用
    • 指代先行词
    • 充当从句的成分
• 关系代词
  • that
    • 可指人或物，作宾语时可省略
    • 作主语
      • Views that are entirely new may also be hard to accept.
    • 作表语
      • We need a person that is right for the job.
    • 作宾语
      • The picutre (that) we are studying was drawn by QiBaishi
  • which
    • 指物，单独作宾语时可省略
    • 作主语
      • He has a car which has seats.
    • 作宾语
      • The story (which) he told was very popular.
      • The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.
  • who/whom
    • 指人，单独作宾语时可省略
    • 作主语
      • The man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle.
        • 手拿雨伞那个人是我叔叔
    • 作宾语
      • Her sister married a man (who/whom) she met on a plane.
        • 动词宾语可省略
      • The person who/whom you just talked to is Jim.
        • 介词宾语不能省略
      • The person to whom you just talked is Jim.
        • 介词宾语只能用宾格
  • whose
    • 可指人或物，不可省略
    • 作定语
      • Do you know the girl whose Japanese is excellent?
        • 你认识那个日语很优秀的女孩吗？
      • He lives in a house whose windows face south.
        • 他住在一个窗户朝南的房子里
      • He lives in a house of which the windows face south.
      • He lives in a house the windows of which face south.
• 关系副词
  • when
    • 指时间，先行词多为time/day/week等时间名词
    • 作时间状语
      • April the first is the day when people make fun of others.
        • 4月1日是人们可以愚弄他人的日子
      • April the first is the day on which people make fun of others.
  • where
    • 指地点，先行词多为place/house/country等地点名词
    • 作地点状语
      • Keep the books in a place where you can find them easily.
        • 把书放在你容易找到的地方。
      • Keep the books in a place at which you can find them easily.
  • why
    • 指原因，先行词多为reason
    • 作原因状语
      • I know the reason why she left you.
        • 我知道她离开你的原因
      • I know the reason for which she left you.
        • 我知道她离开你的原因
• 使用规则
  • 只用that不用which情形
    • 先行词含不定代词
      • Any man that doesn't
    • 先行词含最高级
      • I have found the best way that could finish the test.
    • 先行词含序数词
      • The first thing that he is going to do this afternoon is to study maths.
    • 先行词同时含人和物
      • He was watching the children and bags that filled with the car.
    • 先行词含the only/the very
      • This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.
    • 主句是以who/which开头
      • Which is the bike that you lost?
  • 只用which不用that情形
    • 先行词本身就是that
      • I don't like that which he did.
    • 关系词前有介词且指物
      • The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.
    • 引导非限定性定语从句时
      • Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.
  • 从句谓语与先行词一致
    • He is one of friends who are working hard.
    • He is the (only) one of friends who is working hard.
      • the one
        • 那个事物
  • 介词+关系代词
    • 介词在定语从句末尾，可省略关系代词
    • 介词只能和which/whose/whom直接连用
    • look for/look after/call on等固定短语介词不能前置
      • It is the book which she was looking for.