导图社区 Benjamin Franklin
American politician, scientist, printer and publisher, writer, inventor, and diplomat, one of the founding fathers of the United Sates.详细介绍了关于美国文学史 Benjamin Franklin 的生平简介 、写作风格以及 作品
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美国文学史Henry David Thoreau 生平简介 作品 写作风格等
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Benjamin Franklin
Career
American politician, scientist, printer and publisher, writer, inventor, and diplomat, one of the founding fathers of the United Sates.
Life
1706
He was born in 1706 in Boston, Massachusetts A small business family.
In 1716, Before the age of 10
He entered a grammar school in 1714. He interrupted his studies in 1716 to help his father with his work.
In 1721, Before the age of 15
In 1721, he began to contribute anonymously to the New England Gazette and worked as its temporary editor.
In 1723 he broke his apprenticeship and went to Philadelphia to work as a printer.
1724 Went to London for 19 months to start his own business, He published a paper on Liberty and Poverty, on Pleasure and Pain.
He returned to Philadelphia in 1726 and worked first as a clerk and then as a printer foreman.
In 1731, Before the age of 25
In 1727, he founded the "Reading Society" to study various issues in social and natural sciences.
In 1728, he co-founded a printing house. Founded the Pennsylvania Gazette
In 1729; Open a stationery shop; Published "On the Nature and Necessity of paper money".
Married Rebecca Reed in 1730; His son William was born.
1731 Founded the Library of Philadelphia.
In 1736, Before the age of 30
The first issue of Poor Richard's Book of Wisdom was published in 1732.
In 1733, he began to teach himself French, Italian, Spanish and Latin.
In 1741, Before the age of 35
Clerk of the Pennsylvania Legislature in 1736; Form the Philadelphia United Fire Team.
He became postmaster general of Philadelphia in 1737; Reform the police in Philadelphia.
1740 invention "open furnace".
In 1746, Before the age of 40
Her daughter Sarah was born in 1743.
In 1744, he founded the American Philosophical Society and served as its secretary.
In 1746 he published Ordinary Truths; The Civil Guard of Philadelphia; Begin the electrical experiment.
In 1751, Before the age of 45
In 1746 he published Ordinary Truths; The Civil Guard of Philadelphia; Begin the electrical experiment.
In 1747, through various electrical experiments, a major breakthrough was made in electrical theory.
In 1748, it was changed to a printing partnership; Elected to the Pennsylvania Legislature.
In 1749, he founded the Academy of Ferradelphia.
1751 helped found the Philadelphia Hospital.
In 1761, Before the age of 55
In 1757, he published The Road to Riches (Speeches of Old Abraham); Congress proposed paving the streets of Philadelphia; Went to England as a delegate to the Pennsylvania legislature to petition against the Lord's privilege of tax exemption in the colonies.
In 1759 he was awarded an honorary doctorate from Andrew's University.
In 1760 an effort was made to get the Privy Council of the British Crown to decide that the estates of colonial lords must be equally taxed.
In 1771, Before the age of 65
1767 first trip to France, received by the French king; To be reappointed as deputy to the Pennsylvania Legislature; The plan to realize the western Territories of the American colonies began.
Appointed agent to the Georgia Legislature in 1768: published The Causes of the Discontent of the Americans Before 1768; To do experiments on the variation of ship speed in deep water and shallow water; He began to study phonetics and spelling reform.
Appointed to the New Jersey Legislature in 1769; Second visit law; The fourth edition of Electronic Experiments and Observations was published, and a collection of Letters on Philosophical topics was added.
Appointed agent to the Massachusetts Legislature in 1770; He published three fables, including The Eagle and the Cat, which allegorically allegorized Anglo-American relations.
In 1776, Before the age of 70
Toured the British Isles in 1771; Bishop Shipley of Tyford; Started writing an autobiography.
In 1772, he was elected "Foreign Member" of the Royal French Academy of Sciences; The dispute between the sharp end and the blunt end of the lightning rod.
In 1773, Edict of the King of Prussia was published: Experiments and Observations on Electricity was published in French; Do oil flat wave experiment; Research the causes of colds.
He was dismissed as general agent of the North American Post in 1774 because of the "Hutchinson Letters". Met and introduced Thomas Paine to the United States; Began to work with several British political leaders to reconcile the Anglo-American conflict; The 5th (last) edition of Experiments and Observations in Electricity is published; Reports of experiments with oil to calm ocean waves were published; Predeceased by his wife, Rebecca.
In 1775 he presented to the British a plan for the return of the garrison at Boston, which was rejected; Elected to the Second Continental Congress of the North American colonies; In 1776, he participated in the drafting of the Declaration of Independence and became Postmaster General of the United States of America after its adoption. Elected chairman of the Pennsylvania Constitutional Committee;
In 1781, Before the age of 75
In 1777 he continued to work on electricity.
Conclusion of the Treaty of Amity and Trade between America and France in 1778 and the Argument for the Shaking of Beauty. Meeting with Volchin; publishing a paper on the Northern Lights.
Appointed Plenipotentiary Ambassador to France in 1779: published a Miscellany of Political and Philosophical Treatises; A reformed alphabet was published.
In 1780, a German edition (three volumes) was published; The invention of bifocals; Study air humidity.
In 1781 he became a member of the American Society of Science and Art in Boston.
In 1786, Before the age of 80
In 1783, Britain and the United States concluded the Treaty of Paris, and Britain recognized the independence of 13 North American states. Elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
In 1784, he published Instructions for Emigration to the United States and Comments on Barbarians in North America.
Returned to the United States in 1785; Elected Governor of Pennsylvania (three consecutive terms, 1785-1787); The invention of elevated book picker; Rebiography (1785 -- 1786).
In 1789, Before the age of 83
In 1787, he participated in the Federal Constitutional Convention and contributed to the adoption of the Constitution. Founded the Society for Political Research and served as its president; President of the Pennsylvania Society for the Advancement of Slavery.
He retired from political life in 1788 and made his will.
1789 He wrote On the Slave Trade. In 1790,
Died at 84
Major Works
The Autobiography of Benjamin(1771-1790) Poor Richard's Almanack (1732-1758) The General Magazine(1741)
Writing Style
Theme of his work: individnalism. reflected the neoclassic ideals of clarity, restraint, simplicity and balance.