英国文学史4单元17世纪文学1603-1688

这是一篇关于英国文学史4单元17世纪文学1603-1688的思维导图，主要内容有三段四文学、John Milton、 Restoration时期的文学、John Dryden等。

4单元17世纪文学1603-1688

• 三段四文学
  • 1603-1640PRE-R
    • Drama: two periods of Shakespeare/Ben Jonson’s plays
    • Poetry: Milton; the Metaphysical poetry and the Cavalier poetry
      • The Metaphysical Poetry形而上学文学Donne
        • Around the end of Elizabeth age and the initial period of the 17th century, a new genre of poetry came into the view--characteristics of metaphysical “conceits” or “wit”.
        • The subject: meditation on love and religion
        • Techniques: exaggerated complex and obscure images; paradoxical ideas, dramatic monologue
        • Tone: cynical
        • Style: colloquial language Attitude: escaping from the political upheavals.
      • The Cavalier Poetry骑士诗歌
        • They were courtiers, loyal to Charles I and Charles II against the Parliament and Puritans in the Revolution and Restoration. The subject: love, beauty and loyalty; “the carpe diem
        • The style: flowery and decorated
        • The tone: melancholic, pessimistic
        • The language: straightforward, colloquial, expressive, extravagant and ornate diction, “the carpe diem”.
  • 1640-1660Revolution
    • Milton’s prose work
  • 1660-1680Restoration
    • Milton’s epics and poetical drama
    • Bunyan’s prose
    • Restoration drama—comedy of manners
    • Dryden’s poetry, drama, criticism
• John Milton
  • 1608-1639受教育时期一些短诗
    • Puritan family
    • L’Allegro and Il Penseroso , in 1637
    • 田园挽歌Lycidas
  • 1639-1660
    • 这一阶段致力于公共事务
  • 1660-1674
    • dismissed arrest imprison
  • 代表作品Paradise Lost (1667), Paradise Regained (1671) and Samson Agonistes (1671) .
    • Paradise Lost(literary epic)内容PPT18，19页
      • Plot: two threads: the rebellion of Satan against the authority of God and the fall of Adam and Eve and expulsion from the Garden of Eden
      • characters: Satan, God, Adam and Eve
      • features: grand subjects, sublime style, magnificent structure, majestic setting, and superhuman heroes
      • language: blank verse
      • Theme: to Justify the ways of God to men
      • Image of Satan: The hero; very firm revolt against God; Though defeated he won the respect of his angels; preferring independence to happy servility; welcoming defeat and torment as a glory, a liberty and joy.
• Restoration时期的文学
  • major genres
    • tragedy
    • comedy of manners:The comedy of manners is an entertainment form which satirizes the manners and affectations of a social class or of multiple classes, often represented by stereotypical stock
• John Dryden
  • His contributions: a. He established the heroic couplet as one of the principal English verse forms. b. He clarified the English prose and made it precise, concise and flexible. c. He raised English literary criticism to a new level. d. He was the forerunner of the English classical school in the next century
  • All for Love or the World Well Lost
    • the zenith of heroic drama—heroic tragedy in heroic couplet
    • Subjects: noble hero and heroine, the conflicts among the passionate love, the patriotic nobility, the glorious honor, the loyal friendship and family responsibility
    • Source: Shakespeare’s Antony and Cleopatra
    • theme: praises the sacrifice at the expense of patriotic duty and marriage fidelity
• John Bunyan
  • 虔诚的信徒
    • The Pilgrim Progress
      • Genre: a fiction in the form of allegory and dream
      • Point of view: the first-person narration
      • Theme: to preach religion and expose social reality in England and also advocate self- salvation
      • Characters: Christian, Faithful and Hopeful, Evangelist, Envy, Superstition
      • It not only inherits the previous adventurous form from the medieval popular ballad Sir Gawain and Green Knight but also the realistic view in Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales and heralds such novels in the 18th century as Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe and Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels
• 历史背景
  • 1603—the death of Queen Elizabeth; the start of Monarchy of Stuarts, James I. the political stability.伊丽莎白女王去世，苏格兰国王詹姆士‘斯图亚特继承王位
  • The Civil War （1642-1660）and the establishment of the Commonwealth by Cromwell.(The Puritan Revolution, The Bourgeoise Revolution)