英美概况第三章3-1

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History of Colonial America

• the First Americans
  • Origine
    • Asian nomads from Mongolia
      • 牧民
      • Bering Land Bridge
        • 白令海峡
        • Ice Age-Glaciers
          • 冰川
      • Blood&DNA similarities of North American&Asians
      • Evolution of teeth structures
    • called "Indians" by Columbus
      • Geographic error
    • Food&Shelter
      • hunter-gatherers(nomadic)
      • Teepees, caves
      • Farming&irrigation
  • Culture
    • Diversity&Isolation
      • isolation
        • a diversity of cultures&languages
      • 15-20 million inhabitants
        • two million today
      • 1-2000 languages in America
        • 600 in North America
• Exploration&Conquest
  • Norse Discovery
    • Norway, Sweden, Denmark
  • Motivational Factors
    • Improvement of life quality
      • precious stones&metals, silks, crafts, spices, drugs
      • Europeans
        • new lifestyles and created demand fro goods from the East
          • Marco Polo&Crusaders
    • Improvements in navigation&naval architecture
      • Instruments of Exploration
    • Spirit of adventure&enthusiasm(Renaissance)
    • Existing routes were expensive and dangerous
      • pirates&wars
    • Monopolized by Italian merchants-middlemen in trade between Europe&Asia
    • Characteristics of the Renaissance
      • Rediscovery of Classical Literature&art
      • Curiosity&Objectivity
      • Individualism
  • Famous Explorers
    • Christopher Columbus-find Central America
      • Support from Spanish Queen Isabella
        • set sail with 3 small sailing-ships(the Pinta, the Nina, the Sants Maris)1492.8.3
    • Amerigo Vespucci-point out C's mistake
    • Ferdinand Magellan-trip around the world
    • Francisco Pizarro-first settlers with a ship pf people
• European Settlements
  • New Spain(Mexico, Central America)&Southwestern United States
  • New France(Quebec, Montreal, Nova Scotia)
  • New England(Massachusetts)
  • New Netherlands(New York)