英美概况5-1Constitutional Convention

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Constitutional Convention

• 1787 in Philadelphia （3mons)
  • 55 delegates (≠RI)
    • wealthy white males
    • "Founding Fathers"/Framers
• Famous people 
  • George Washington
    • presided over the Convention
    • Contribution
      • attend on time everyday
      • didn't speak a thing
        • allow others to speak freely
  • Benjamin Franklin
    • persuaded French to join the war
      • American defeated British
  • Roger Sheman
  • Thomas Jefferson
  • Declaration of Independence
  • Alexander Hamilton
    • genius
      • pay off debts
    • stand
      • establish strong CG
  • James Madison
    • "the Father of the Constitution "& organizer
    • contribution
      • kept notes of the discussions
      • designed system of "check and balance "
• Issues divided leaders
  • The power of CG
    • CG Vs SG
    • principle
      • neither too weak nor too strong
    • division of power
      • CG
        • Separation
          • Congress
            • legislature
          • White House
            • executive
          • Supreme Court
            • jurisdiction
          • Check & Balance
            • C
              • impeach W H and S C
                • 弹劾
            • W H
              • Veto C and S C
            • S C
              • Judicial review
                • 解读宪法
      • SG
  • Representation in Congress
    • Large S Vs Small S
    • L
      • Based on population
      • Bicameral legislature
    • S
      • Equal number 
      • Unicameral legislature
    • Rufus King
      • Bicameral legislature
      • Lower house
        • population
      • Higher house
        • equal number
      • the Great Compromise
  • Slavery
    • South Vs North
    • Southern states refused to approve
    • Northern states compromised
    • Three-fifths Compromise
      • 3/5 妥协案
• Significance
  • solve the problems between states
  • liberate people's mind and humanity
  • scientific framework of law
• Ratification
  • 批准
  • Federalists
    • John Adams, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Dickinson
    • strong national government
      • merchants, commercial-minded farmers, creditors, urban artisans
        • 工匠
    • Benjamin Franklin&George Washington backed
    • small amount, well organized
    • The Bill of Rights(1~10)
    • Federalist Paper(James Madison, Alexander Hamilton)
    • ratification
    • against French
  • Anti-federalists
    • Samuel Adams. Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee--Sons of Liberty, Thomas Jefferson
    • a more decentralized federal system of government
      • 分散的
    • less organized and less unified
    • individual rights
    • against Britain