UNIT 1 Thinking as a hobby

现代大学英语精读4第三版UNIT 1 Thinking as a hobby思维导图，大家可以学起来哦。

UNIT 1 Thinking as a hobby

• Glossary
  • deficiency [dɪ'fɪʃ(ə)nsi] n.缺点，不足 eg：Vitamin deficiency in the diet can cause illness.
  • exalt[ɪɡˈzɔːlt] v.使精神振奋；表扬 eg.Praise and exalt her many good points.
  • hideous['hɪdiəs] adj. 十分丑陋的 eg.The whole experience had been like some hideous nightmare.
  • hypocrisy[hɪˈpɒkrəsi] n. 伪善；虚伪 eg.Her denials reeked of hypocrisy.
  • penal[ˈpiːn(ə)l]adj.惩罚的 eg.Penal policy plainly needs to change.
    • penalty['pen(ə)lti] n.惩罚
• Rhetorical devices
  • anaphora(首语重复法）eg:To hear...To hear...To hear...(para.25)
  • climax(层进法）eg:Eye had not seen nor ear heard, and nothing had touched his heart of stone.
  • anticlimax(渐降法）eg:On his breast he wears his decorations, at his side a sword, on his feet a pair of boots.
  • allusion(引喻法）eg:Don't act like a Romeo in front of her. "Romeo" 是引用莎士比亚《罗密欧与朱丽叶》中的深爱朱丽叶的罗密欧。
  • parable（寓言的比喻）eg：This is a typical case of sour grapes.你这是典型的酸葡萄心理。
  • antithesis(对偶）eg:Not that I love Caesar less, but I love Rome more.
  • paradox（悖论）eg:More haste, less speed.
  • hyperbole(夸张）eg:When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.
  • understatement(缩小）eg:You should have been here earlier.
  • assonance(元音韵）eg:"Let's go kick the tires and light fires big daddy."
  • consonance（辅音韵）eg:The uncertain rustle of noise caused my poise.
  • alliteration(头韵）eg:Finally friends find Friday fun.
  • 最基本的押韵修饰
  • antiphrasis(反语）eg:You ate the spaghetti even though you knew it was cooked three weeks ago? Very smart.
  • metonymy(转喻）eg:It never occurred to him that his pen could be just as mighty as the sword.
  • synecdoche（提喻）eg:We need more hands if we want to finish the job on time.
  • synaesthesia（通感）eg:Taste the music of Mozart.(用嗅觉形容听觉)品尝Mozart的音乐。
  • onomatopoeia（拟声法）eg:The drunken driver drove bang into the store window.
• Useful phrases
  • Noun phrases:
    • a grammar school;eternal truth; a filing cabinet ; a frequent visitor ; high-minded monologue ; heady patriotism ; a bath towel ; delinquent children ; pure thought ; a penal position ; a modest satisfaction ; a hideous wind;unnatural impediments
  • Verb phrases:
    • spring down ; slip down ; pull up ; stare down at ; endow sb . with ; leave sth ./ sb. out ; be trapped in ...; reel with ; be given to ; think well of ; lecture on sth .; lag behind ; put sb./ sth. in the place of ; confer sth. on sb.; make for ...; set out ; tumble down ; come up with ;
  • Prepositional phrases:
    • in a position ; in panic ; in endless gloom ; in anguish ; of itself ;out of sight; for one 's money;out of one ' s depth :in the flesh; at the best of times; for the sake of ; beyond the leopard;nothing but;for the rest of the morning
• Little knowledge points
  • Roles of parallelism:listing,contrast,choice,comparison
  • description of person action:On one occasion the headmaster leaped to his feet,reached up and put Rodin's masterpiece on the desk before me.
  • description of person objects(on the special order with effection transitions of position):next to;beyond
  • argumentation(议论文）：claim（宣称）;counter(反驳）;remark（评论）
  • complement
    • subject complenent
      • That night her father visited my father and left,red-cheeked and indignant.
    • object complement
      • You could hear the wind,trapped in his chest and struggling with all the unnatural impediments.
• Text sentence translation
  • 1.She seemed frozen in an eternal panic lest the bath towel slip down any farther;and since she had no arms,she was in an unfortunate position to pull the towel up again. translation:她似乎凝固在永久的恐惧之中，唯恐浴巾再向下滑。而由于她没有双臂，根本不可能将浴巾向上拉，因此显得特别狼狈。
  • 2.It set me watching the crowds cheering His Majesty the King and asking myself what all the fuss was about,without giving me anything positive to put in the place of that heady patriotism. translation:它让我在看到人群高喊“吾皇万岁”时暗自思忖这种狂呼滥叫究竟为什么，但却不能为我提供任何替代这种狂热爱国主义的东西。
• Paraphrase sentences
  • 1. Nature had endowed the rest of the human race with a sixth sense and left me out .( para .15) paraphrase:Nature had given everybody the ability to think, except me .
  • 2. Technically,it is about as proficient as most businessmen's golf,as honest as most politician' intentions,or as coherent as most books that get written. (para.20) paraphrase:From the technical point of view, grade-three thinking is as incompetent as most businessmen at golf , as dishonest as most politicians ' intentions and as incoherent as the way in which most books are now written .
  • 3.I slid my arm around her waist murmured that if we were counting heads,the Buddhists were the boys for my money.(para.27) paraphrse:I slid my arm around her waist and murmured that if we were depending on the number of the believers for the truth, I would bet on the Buddhists .
• Article outline
  • I. The introduction: The author reflects that there are three grades of thinking andadmits that he could not think at all when he was a little boy. (para. 1)
  • II. The body: Three grades of thinking (paras. 2 -32)
  • 1.Grade-three thinking (paras. 2 -24)
  • 2. Grade-two thinking (paras. 25 -29)
  • 3. Grade-one thinking (paras. 30- -32)
  • II. The conclusion: The author decides that he would give up thinking as a hobby.Instead he would go professional and become a grade- one thinker. (paras. 33- -35)