UNIT5 The telephone

现代大学英语精读4第三版UNIT5 The telephone思维导图，希望这份脑图会对你有所帮助。

Unit 5 The Telephone

• word and other expressions
  • Glossary
    • chime v.插话说，鸣响，铃声 e.g. the chime of the clock woke him up.
    • congregate v.聚集，集合 e.g. people quickly congregated round the speaker.
    • escalate v.不断恶化加剧，逐步升级 e.g. the cost of living is escalating.
    • flare v.突发，加剧，燃烧 e.g. the skirt should be flared at the bottom.
    • forsaken a.被抛弃的，孤独凄凉的 e.g. he was forsaken by his friends.
    • grapple v.与某人扭打 grapple with e.g. the thug grappled him around the neck.
    • gravity n.严肃，庄严，重力 grave a. e.g. he doesn't think you realize the gravity.
    • incorporation n. e.g. your idea will be incorporated in the plan.
    • maimed a.残废的 maim v. e.g. he was seriously maimed in the war.
    • wring v.拧，绞 wring your hands(出于焦虑)扭绞双手 e.g. It's no use just wringing our hands-we must do something.
  • idom
    • the shout went out that
  • Analysis of word meanings
    • 保证
      • assure:侧重指消除某人思想上的怀疑或担心，assure sb. off sth./that ensure:侧重指采取必要的措施确保某事的发生，也可指某人相信某种行为或力量使人产生的结果ensure sb./sth. ensure that insure:侧重指经济方面的保证或保险insure sth. against reassure:侧重指使某人放心，使某人有信心
    • 弄破
      • break:多指某人用力将坚硬物打破、打碎或损坏 tear:指有意或无意地把布或纸等没有接缝的材料撕开，可引申为伤某人的心、拆除等。 rip:用力把布撕开，也可指用粗暴手段把某物撕裂split:非正式用词，侧重指有力切断、劈开或撕裂的动作。 crack:多指用长期使用或经受压力、物体表面呈现裂纹、裂口或破裂、裂开，但一般没有变为碎片。
    • 忽视
      • ignore:主观上故意对某些显而易见的事物不顾或不理不睬。 neglect:指对应该故意的事物没有给予关注，无意识忽视，也指轻视。overlook:指由于粗心放任而没有看出来采取行动。
    • 扭曲，转动
      • twist:聚集，收集 gather:vt.强调把广泛散布的东西聚拢到一起，或者采集植物、水果等，当用于人或动物时，该词按一定程度的必要性和强制性 vi.该词强调一种自发的任意集合成群的过程。 collect:vt.收集过程中区分、挑选并整理，收款、收账，使镇静、集中思想等。 vi.gather互换，但该词强调逐渐积累的过程，常常是一个一个、一点一点积累 assemble:人们为某一目的而集聚，并不是预先安排，也可以表示将机器等物体的各个配件装备起来。
    • 抛弃，放弃
      • forsake:通常表示割断与某人在感情上的依恋，抛弃以往所爱的人或物。 abandon:指完全或永远离弃，可能是一种自愿、被迫或逃避责任的行为。 desert:指违背自己的诺言，保证或放弃自己的值守岗位，含有道德上不认可或违反纪律的意味。
  • Language Focus
    • useful phrases
      • noun phrase: terraced fields ; rocky mountains ; whooping cough ; a forest of flags ; firsthand information ; household chores ; a skeleton of its former self ; a missionary school ; drinking water , a full-blown fight ; drill sergeant ; two days ' ride
      • verb phrase:come into view ; grab sb . by the hair ; keep track of ; roll by : cave in ; incorporate into : open to into : be packed full of ; escalate into ; talk sb . out of sth ./ doing sth .; chime in ; wriggle one 's way through : take st . off sb .; keep .. out of one ' s hair , attend to ; talk sense to sb .; be exhausted from ; toss back and forth ; deliver sb . from suffering : hang around ; trail off ; leave sb ./ sth . behind ; slow to a trickle ; apply for , link with ; wire up : relay to : charge for , turm out
      • verb+noun collocations:crack the walls ; play hide-and-seek/ marble ; rip one 's shirt ; reveal the secret ; resist progress ; gather firewood ; run errands ; assure a steady supply : save one ' s soul ; call names ; fetch water ; raise one 's voice ; deliver a message ; wring one ' s hands
  • supplement
    • choice of spouse择偶；intermarriage：联姻； status-conscious阶层意识；sex-cnscious性意识；money-conscious金钱意识sand clock沙漏；water clock水钟；sundial日冕
• text
  • structure
    • Part 1(1-10) -village life before the installation.
      • P(1-8): what time meant to people in Magdaluna
      • P(9-10): the author's memory of a draught in his childhood
    • Part Il (11-18) -The installation of the first telephone in the village.
      • P(12- 18): Installation
      • P(11): Transition
    • Part Ill (19-25) Changes happening to the village
      • P(19-22): How the village center shifted
      • P(23- 25): How and why a lot of people left the illage
  • auther
    • Anwar F . Accawi was born in Lebanon , While he was teaching English at the University of Beirut , he married an American from Tennessee . When the civil war broke out in Lebanon , they were forced to leave the country and settle in the U.S. Anwar F . Accawi became a teacher of English at the University of Tennessee , Knoxville .
  • figures of speech
    • metaphor
      • Because I was small,I wriggled my way through the dense forest of legs to get a firsthand look at the action.(para.17)
      • Her house was an island of comfort,an oasis for the weary village men,exhausted from having so little to do.(para20)
      • and men and women started leaving the village the way a hailstorem begins:first one,then two,then bnches.(para23)
    • simile
      • We knew what to do and when to do it,just as the Iraqi geese knew when to fly north, driven by the hot wind that blew in from the desert. (para.1)
      • the signal that they were ready to toss back and forth,like a ball,the latest rumors going around the village.(para.21)
    • paradox
      • Her house was an island of comfort,an oasis for the weary village men,exhausted from having so little to do.(para.20)
    • polysyndeton
      • It rose and set,and the reasons rolled by,and we sowed seed and harvested and ate and played and married and had babies who got whooping cough and chickenpox-and those children who survived grew up and married and had babies who got whooping cough and chickenpox.We lived and loved and toiled and died without ever needing to know what year it was,or even the time of day.(para.1)
      • There, they would eat and drink and talk and play checkers and backgammon, and thenlean their chairs back against the wall...(para.21)
  • Writing style
    • Narration
    • Protagonist
      • "I" the boy in the story
    • Setting
      • a. story setting: in the village in Lebanon
      • b. social setting: in the early 20th century before the progress of modernization (before the civil war)
    • Plot
      • The coming of telephone brought some changes into a small village, both personally and socially.
• grammer
  • adverbial clause of concession 让步状语从句inverted sentence
    • adjective+as/though+sb./sth.+link verb
      • Simple as our calendar was,it worked just fine for us.(para.2)
    • noun phrase +though+sb./sth.+link verb
      • Trash thought it is, his latest movie is still a box-office success.
  • absolute construction
    • example from text:Breathless,I watched as the men in blue put together a black machine that supposedly would make it possible to talk with uncles,aunts,and cousins who lived more than two day's ride away.
    • 八种基本形式
      • 1. 名词（代词)+形容词 The Trojans asleep, the Greek soldiers crept out of the hollow wooden horse.特洛伊人睡着了，于是希腊士兵从中空的木马里悄悄爬了出来。 2. 名词(代词)+副词 The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room.散会了，校长很快就离开了会议室。 3. 名词(代词)+名词 He fought the tiger,a stick his only weapon.他和老虎搏斗，棍子是他唯一的武器。 4. 名词(代词) +介词短语 He lay at full length upon his stomach，his head resting upon his left forearm. 他的脊背朝天，四肢伸展，头枕着左臂，直挺挺地趴伏着。 5. 名词(代词)+现在分词 Night enshrouding the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance. 黑夜笼罩大地，谁也看不清远处黑压压的`一片是什么东西。 6. 名词(代词)+过去分词 He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard. 他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。 7.名词(代词)+不定式He suggested going for a picnic,Mary to provide the food.他建议去野餐，由玛丽提供食物。 8.with引导的复合结构A woman got on the bus with a baby around her arms.一个女人抱着一个婴儿上了公共汽车。
• sentence
  • Paraphrase sentences
    • 1. The women would grab each other by the hair and curse and scream and spit and call each other names that made my ears tingle.The offensive and unkind words those women used in their quarrels were shocking and exciting to us little boys .
    • 2.Her house was an island of comfort,an oasis for the weary village men,exhausted from having so little to do.Her house was like an island in the sea and the oasis in the desert for the men in the village who had nothing to do and who were thoroughly bored . This house was teonly place where they could have some comfort .
    • 3. Magdaluma became a skeleton of its former self,desolate and forsaken,like the tombs,a place to get away from.With the healthy , the young , and the able-bodied all gone , Magdaluna was not what it had been . The houses , the streets and the store were there , but they were no longertalking and arguing . Magdaluna became a deserted place , a place to escape from , like a graveyard or cemetery .
    • 4.Like the others who left Magdaluma before me,I am still looking for that better life.The author is now an American professor or writer , and his living conditions must be greatly improved . But apparently he has not realized his dream and found the happy life he had in mind . He is implying that there are many things he is still not happy about . That's why he becomes so nostalgic when reflecting on his past.
  • sentence analysis
    • Incredible as it may sound, the story of the fish and oranges was true, because men who would not lie even to save their own souls told and retold that story until it was incorporated into Magdaluna's calendar.听起来好像让人难以相信，不过这下鱼和橙子的故事是真的，因为人们一直这么说，即使是为了拯救自己的灵魂他们也不撒谎，就这样，这个传说成为马格达路纳日历的一部分。1.It's a complex sentence. The main clause:the story of the fish and oranges was true. Subject:the story of the fish and oranges Predicate Verb:was true "2. as it may sound"is an adveribial of concession Introduced by as. "because men…caldender"is an adveribial of reason Introduced by because.3.Both two adveribial clauses modifying "true" In the second adveribial clause,there were two subordinate clause."who would not lie even to save their …story"is a relative clause modifying the Subject"men". "until…calendar"is a time clause modifying "told and retold".
    • Breathless,I watched as the men in blue put together a black machine that supposedly would make it possible to talk with uncles,aunts,and cousins who lived more than two day's ride away.我屏住呼吸，看着身穿蓝衣的那两个人把一个黑色机器安装起来，据说就是这东西能让我们和住在骑马骑两天都到不了的地方的叔伯舅舅、姑妈姨妈、堂兄弟姐妹说话。1.It's a complex sentence. 2.The main clause:I watched as the men in blue put together a black machine. Subject:I Predicate Verb:watched 3.subordinate clause:I watched...away.There are tworelative clauses.4." supposedly would make it possible to talk with uncles,aunts,and cousins" modifiers"black machine".5.lived more than two day's ride away modifiers"uncles,aunts and cousins.6.The"Breathless" is an absolute constrution modifiers the main clause.
  • Sentence pattern
    • Much as+sb.+verb.
      • Much as I respect him,I must tell him that he has misjudged the situation terribly this time.
    • try as +sb.+might/could/would/did
      • Try hard as he did,the disabled man couldn't open the can.
    • It is/was (high) time that...,suggesting it is long past the right time for sth.
      • Twenty years have passed,and it is time we resolved the past misunderstandings of our two families.
    • It is/was (high) time that...,suggesting it is the appropriate time for sth.
      • ...decided it was time Magdaluna got its own telephone.(para.11）